There are few reports comparing the muscle fiber morphometry between human fetuses and adults. Data on fetal and adult muscle fibers would be valuable in understanding muscle development and various muscle diseases. This study investigated human muscle fiber growth to clarify the difference between the facial muscles and skeletal muscles. The specimens were obtained from three (6-month-old) mal...

The genus Carex belongs to tribe Cariceae, subfamily Caricoideae and family Cyperaceae. This genus, with about 2000 species in the world and more than 50 species in Iran, is the largest genus among the family. In expedition to North West and West of Iran, two species, namely, Carex acuta and C. cilicica as new records and C. flava, C. rostrata and C. supina as reinvestigated species are reporte...

A new Anthracoidea species, A. songorica, is described on Carex songorica (subgen. Carex, sect. Paludosae) from Iran.

OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate the success rate of using the facial motor evoked potential (FMEP) of orbicularis oculi and oris muscles for facial nerve function monitoring with use of a stepwise protocol, and its usefulness in predicting facial nerve outcome during cerebellopontine angle (CPA) surgeries. METHODS FMEPs were recorded intraoperatively from 60 patients undergo...

IMPORTANCE Identifying a procedure to address lower eyelid retraction (LER) in the presence of an orbicularis deficit is a useful tool for aesthetic and reconstructive eyelid surgery. OBJECTIVE To describe and evaluate a surgical technique consisting of a closed canthal suspension and true lower eyelid retractor recession to address LER in the setting of orbicularis weakness. DESIGN, SETTING, A...

Variation of the Sicilian pond turtle, Emys trinacris, is described, based on morphological data of more than 200 adult and immature turtles and mtDNA sequences of 31 new known-locality specimens. Emys trinacris is morphologically more variable than thought before. There exist pronounced population-specific differences. Adults are barely distinguishable from Emys orbicularis galloitalica. Hatch...

PURPOSE This study examined the subacute myotoxic effects of injection of the local anesthetic bupivacaine on the orbicularis oculi muscle in the rabbit eyelid. In contrast to other muscles, the orbicularis oculi was resistant to injury by the usual anesthetic doses of bupivacaine when local infiltration is used. An attempt was made to assess the sensitivity of orbicularis oculi muscle to bupiv...

PURPOSE To describe a patient with Schwartz Jampel vel Aberfeld syndrome (SJS) who underwent orbicularis oculi myectomy as a treatment for blepharospasm. CASE REPORT A 4-year-old child with SJS did not respond to an injection of a single dose of botulinum toxin after one month, so orbicularis myectomy was then performed under general anesthesia. During the procedure, orbicularis vermiform mov...