In this study, we investigated the effect of different permeation enhancers at different concentrations viz. oleic acid, olive oil and castor oil from transdermal gel for transdermal delivery of venlafaxine, a newer antidepressant. It is a first line drug in the treatment of depression and inhibits brain serotonin and norepinephrine neuronal reuptake. It is also used in the treatment of anxiety...

The effect of oral laxatives on the organisation of colonic motor complexes was investigated in four conscious dogs. Six strain gauge transducers were implanted on the colon of each dog. After a control period of two to three hours, dogs were orally dosed with 1, 2, or 4 ml/kg of castor oil, or 0.5 g/kg magnesium citrate. Oral olive oil, 4 ml/kg, was used as control. The recording was continued...

Evaluation on the safety use of high concentration of polyoxyl 40 (PEG-40) hydrogenated castor oil as a surfactant for oral nanoemulsion was performed in Webster mice. As previously reported, nearly 20% of PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil was used to emulsify the glyceryl monooleate (GMO) as an oil to the aqueous phase. Thermodynamically stable and spontaneous nanoemulsion was formed by the prese...

AIM The use of traditional medicine as an alternative source of cure for many ailments has played an important role in health care delivery in both developing and developed countries. Byrsocarpus coccineus Schum and Thonn (Connaraceae) is used in traditional medicine for treatment of various disease conditions, including diarrhea. The anti-diarrhea activity of the root bark aqueous extract of B...

Using myoelectric recording techniques, we examined the myoelectric effects of castor oil; ricinoleic acid (cis isomer), the active ingredient of castor oil; and ricinelaidic acid (trans isomer) in the small intestine of New Zealand white rabbits. Ricinoleic acid, 2 microgram/kg per min (6mM), was perfused into a distal 12-cm ileal loop. An abnormal myoelectric pattern developed that was simila...

Forty-six strains of Malassezia spp. with atypical biochemical features were isolated from 366 fresh clinical isolates from human subjects and dogs. Isolates obtained in this study included 2 (4.7%) lipid-dependent M. pachydermatis isolates; 1 (2.4%) precipitate-producing and 6 (14.6%) non-polyethoxylated castor oil (Cremophor EL)-assimilating M. furfur isolates; and 37 (34.3%) M. slooffiae iso...

The leaf of Psidium guajava Linn. (family: Myrtaceae) is used traditionally in African folk medicine to manage, control and/or treat a plethora of human ailments, including diarrhoea. In this study, we examined the antidiarrhoeal activity of Psidium guajava leaf aqueous extract (PGE) on experimentally-induced diarrhoea in rodents. PGE (50-400 mg/kg p.o.) produced dose-dependent and significant ...

in order to evaluate the density and dry weight of weeds and seed and oil yield of castor bean ricinus communis l.) as a medicinal plant affected by cover crops, an experiment was conducted at the agricultural research station, faculty of agriculture, ferdowsi university of mashhad, during growing season of 2008-2009. treatments were four cover crops included white clover, fenugreek, hairy vetc...

Ricinoleic acid (RA; 12-hydroxy-cis-9-18:1) is the main fatty acid component of castor oil. Although a precursor for CLA synthesis in lactic acid bacteria, RA was found previously not to form CLA in ruminal digesta but to have some inhibitory properties. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of RA to modulate ruminal biohydrogenation and methanogenesis. Ruminal digesta from...

in this study theeffect ofdrought stress was investigated on grain yield and oil rate and protein percentage of four varieties of castor in the climatic conditions of damghan. the experiment was done in the research farm of damghan islamic azad university(iran)in 2011 assplit plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications. the main plots of drought stress were 5, 10 and15 d...