a study conducted to isolation and identification of honey bee diseases fungal agents in iran west azarbaijan province apiaries. we collected 2000 samples (adult honeybee, brood, honey and pollen) of 200 apiaries in three seasons (spring, summer and autumn). samples prepared and cultivated in sda medium. finally, ascosphaera apis, causative agent of chalk brood disease, didn’t isolate of any ap...

With respect to the first question, the perceived additional semantic complexity of the transitive or ‘causative’ variant—its explicit association with a notion of cause—may suggest that the transitive variant is derived from the intransitive or ‘anticausative’ variant1 by the addition of a CAUSE operator (e.g., Dowty 1979: 91; Härtl 2003; Lakoff 1966; Parsons 1990). This position is reinforced...