In patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), which is associated with persistent measles virus (MV) infection in the brain, little infectious virus can be recovered despite the presence of viral RNA and protein. Based on studies of brain tissue from SSPE patients and our work with MV-infected NSE-CD46(+) mice, which express the measles receptor CD46 on neurons, several lines of ...

CD46, which serves as a receptor for measles virus (MV; strain Edmonston), is rapidly downregulated from the cell surface after contact with viral particles or infected cells. We show here that the same two CD46 complement control protein (CCP) domains responsible for primary MV attachment mediate its downregulation. Optimal downregulation efficiency was obtained with CD46 recombinants containi...

CD46 is used by human group B adenoviruses (Ads) as a high-affinity attachment receptor. Here we show evidence that several group B Ads utilize an additional receptor for infection of human cells, which is different from CD46. We tentatively named this receptor receptor X. Competition studies with unlabeled and labeled Ads, recombinant Ad fiber knobs, and soluble CD46 and CD46 antibodies reveal...

Membrane cofactor protein (CD46) is complement regulatory protein with probable function in the reproduction process. Expression of CD46 on human, mice, rat and guinea pig spermatozoa is restricted to the inner acrosomal membrane. In spite of the presence of anti-sperm antibodies and other potential complement activating agents in follicular fluid, CD46 is not expressed on the plasma membrane o...

Autophagy is a highly regulated self-degradative mechanism required at a basal level for intracellular clearance and recycling of cytoplasmic contents. Upon intracellular pathogen invasion, autophagy can be induced as an innate immune mechanism to control infection. Nevertheless, pathogens have developed strategies to avoid or hijack autophagy for their own benefit. The molecular pathways induc...

Escherichia coli is a common urinary pathogen whose uptake into epithelial cells is mediated by attachment through type 1 fimbriae. In this study, we show by using using human urinary tract epithelial cells that maximal internalization of E. coli is achieved only when bacteria are opsonized with complement. The concentrations of complement proteins in the urine rise sufficiently during infectio...

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is the etiologic agent of exanthema subitum, causes opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients, and has been implicated in multiple sclerosis and in the progression of AIDS. Here, we show that the two major HHV-6 subgroups (A and B) use human CD46 as a cellular receptor. Downregulation of surface CD46 was documented during the course of HHV-6 infection. B...

Abstract Background and Aims Ischemia-reperfusion injury is an inevitable event associated with kidney transplantation (Tx) has a major impact on short- long-term graft survival. Proximal tubular epithelial cells are both source of complement during Tx target activation. The normal capacity to protect itself from activation through cellular expression regulatory proteins. In this study we inves...

The SARS-CoV-2 virus can enter the cells using S1 viral spike (S) protein, not only by binding to ACE2, but also through other cellular receptors. These candidate receptors include CD46, which, like CD45, belongs pan-leukocyte and is expressed on all types of lymphocytes. In turn, infection accompanied damage almost compartments immune system, mainly T purpose study was evaluate expression leve...

Understanding the regulation of human immune responses is critical for vaccine development and treating infectious diseases. We have previously shown that simultaneous engagement of the T cell receptor (TCR) and complement regulator CD46 on human CD4(+) T cells in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2) induces potent secretion of the immunomodulatory cytokine IL-10. These T cells mediate IL-10-de...