Commensal microbes and humans have coevolved toward a symbiotic relationship. In healthy individuals, the human microbiome has vital role in development of innate adaptive immune system, inducing protective regulatory immunity, system maintains an optimal balance microbes. Several acute chronic skin conditions are result imbalances host-microbiome relationship accompanied by epidermal barrier d...

Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax disease, could be used as a biothreat reagent. It is vital to develop a rapid, convenient method to detect B. anthracis. In the current study, three high affinity and specificity monoclonal antibodies (mAbs, designated 8G3, 10C6 and 12F6) have been obtained using fully washed B. anthracis spores as an immunogen. These mAbs, confirmed to direct ...

BACKGROUND Curcumin is a promising candidate for a natural medicinal agent to treat chronic inflammatory diseases. Although CD4(+) T cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation, whether curcumin directly regulates CD4(+) T cells has not been definitively established. Here, we showed curcumin-mediated regulation of CD2/CD3/CD28-initiated CD4(+) T cell activation in vit...

The nucleus of a living cell is constantly undergoing changes in shape and size as a result of various mechanical forces in physiology. These changes correlate with alterations in gene expression, however it is unclear whether nuclear deformation alone is sufficient to elicit these alterations. We used T-cell activation as a model system to test the coupling between nuclear deformation (elongat...

CD69 is highly expressed by lymphocytes at mucosal surfaces. We aimed to investigate the role of CD69 in mucosal immune responses. The expression of CD69 by CD4 T cells isolated from the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, small intestinal lamina propria, and colonic lamina propria was determined in specific pathogen-free B6 and TCR transgenic animals, as well as in germ-free B6 mice. Transfer coli...

Peripheral activation can cause bystander thymocyte death by eliciting a "cytokine storm." This event complicates in vivo studies using exogenous ligand-induced models of negative selection. A stable transgenic model that selectively eliminates peripheral CD4 cells has allowed us to analyze negative selection as direct cognate events in two T cell receptor transgenic mice, OT-II and DO11. Where...

The immunological synapse (IS), a dynamic and organized junction between T-cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs), is critical for initiating adaptive immunity. The actin cytoskeleton plays a major role in T-cell reorganization during IS formation, and we previously reported that transgelin-2, an actin-binding protein expressed in T-cells, stabilizes cortical F-actin, promoting T-cell activa...

Vaccines play a vital role in modern medicine. The development of novel vaccines for emerging and resistant pathogens has been aided in recent years by the use of novel adjuvants in subunit vaccines. A deeper understanding of the molecular pathways behind adjuvanticity is required to better select immunostimulatory molecules for use in individual vaccines. To this end, we have undertaken a stud...

Cell surface phenotypes of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) obtained from a group of young healthy volunteers, including smokers and nonsmokers were studied. Results indicate that the proportions of T (CD3+) and B (CD19+) lymphocytes were comparable in PBL and BAL lymphocytes, whereas the numbers of cells bearing natural killer cell-associated markers (CD16, C...