The extensive mortality of yellow-cedar along more than 1000 kilometers of the northern Pacific coast of North America serves as a leading example of climate effects on a forest tree species. In this article, we document our approaches to resolving the causes of tree death, which we explain as a cascade of interacting topographic, forest-structure, and microclimate factors that act on a unique ...

Fantastic Realism is a genre which remind us of Russia and its great writer Dostoevsky. This genre has been developed in Iran among Iranian writers who have been familiar with the books of world literature, especially Russian literature. Fantastic Realism employs and combines reality and imagination, and while it concerns the reality related to human beings, it pictures that kind of reality whi...

Candida albicans can form biofilms composed of yeast, hyphal, and pseudohyphal elements, and C. albicans cells in the hyphal stage could be a virulence factor. The present study describes the chemical composition, antibiofilm, and antihyphal activities of cedar leaf essential oil (CLEO), which was found to possess remarkable antibiofilm activity against C. albicans but not to affect its plankto...

The conjugate gradient method is a powerful algorithm to solve well-structured sparse linear systems that arise from partial diierential equations. We consider here three diierent conjugate gradient schemes for solving elliptic partial diierential equations that arise from 5-point diierence schemes: the classical CG, CG with a block diagonal-block incomplete Cholesky preconditioner and the redu...

Abstract The thermal reactivities of cellulose and hemicellulose are significantly different in cell walls when compared with isolated components differ Japanese cedar (softwood) beech (hardwood). Uronic acid bound to xylan promotes the degradation hemicellulose, its effect is depending on form free (acting as an catalyst) or metal uronate a base catalyst). We evaluated location uronic wall by ...

Article history: Received on: 25/09/2013 Revised on: 10/10/2013 Accepted on: 11/11/2013 Available online: 29/11/2013 Respiratory viruses continue to cause frequent acute and chronic infections, for which few satisfactory treatments are available. Some essential oils possess antiviral properties, but these have usually been tested as liquids, which have limited applications. In this study the va...

BACKGROUND Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) induced by Japanese cedar pollen is a substantial problem in Japan. Sublingual immuno-therapy (SLIT) is safer than conventional antigen-specific immunotherapy, the only treatment modality by which complete cure of the disease can be expected. We investigated the safety and efficacy of SLIT in the treatment of cedar pollinosis patients compared to plac...