BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Management of outpatients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) is important in secondary prevention. The objective was to describe differences in the characteristics of CAD patients in Latvia compared with other countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS CLARIFY is an ongoing international, prospective, observational, longitudinal registry of outpatients with CAD. Data reg...

BACKGROUND Synthetic, not natural, progestagen may negate the favorable effects of estrogen. Nonetheless, observational studies report no differences in risk for clinical cardiovascular events between users of unopposed estrogen and users of estrogen combined with synthetic progestin. METHODS AND RESULTS In a double-blind study, we randomly assigned 20 healthy postmenopausal women to microniz...

CONTEXT The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) previously reported that estrogen plus progestin therapy does not protect cognition among women aged 65 years or older. The effect of estrogen-alone therapy, also evaluated in WHIMS, on cognition has not been established for this population. OBJECTIVES To determine whether conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) alters global cognitive funct...

Creatine is a nutritional supplement widely used in sport, physical fitness training and bodybuilding. It is claimed to enhance performance. We describe a case in which serum creatinine is elevated due to the use of creatine ethyl esther. One week after withdrawal, the plasma creatinine had normalised. There are two types of creatine products available: creatine ethyl esther (CEE) and creatine ...

Objectives: To determine whether menopausal hormone therapy (HT) affects regional brain volumes, including hippocampal and frontal regions. Methods: Brain MRI scans were obtained in a subset of 1,403 women aged 71–89 years who participated in the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS). WHIMS was an ancillary study to the Women’s Health Initiative, which consisted of two randomized, plac...

OBJECTIVE Although oral estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in postmenopausal women improves endothelial function, it also increases plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration. The proinflammatory effect of oral ERT may explain the increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) associated with this treatment. Recent observational studies have demonstrated that a lower...

OBJECTIVE To address the issue of infant mortality as an important health indicator, we systematically analyzed trends in infant mortality in five central and eastern European (CEE) countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia). METHODS Infant mortality rates (per 1,000 live births) and trends were computed using the World Health Organization database, as well as sele...

Smart city policy (SCP) is crucial to addressing climate change and achieving sustainable urban development with low carbon emissions. The purpose of this paper investigate the mechanisms through which smart policies have an impact on emission efficiency (CEE). In terms research methodology, we construct a quasi-natural experiment in China use time-varying DID approach study issue. DEA method w...

crude enzyme (beta-galactosidase) extract (cee) was produced by lactobacillus ssp. bulgaricus chr hansen lb-12 and was applied in sterile milk which had been processed through ultra high temperature method (uht milk), for hydrolyzing lactose. lactosehydrolyzed milk was also produced by a pure and commercially available betagalactosidase (maxilact). optimum quantities of cee and maxilact enz...

objective(s): covering tissue defects using skin flaps is a basic surgical strategy for plastic and reconstructive surgery. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chicken embryo extract (cee) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (bm-mscs) on random skin flap survival (rsf) in rats. using chicken embryo extract can be an ideal environment for the growth and proliferation ...