the crossing number of a graph  is the minimum number of edge crossings over all possible drawings of  in a plane. the crossing number is an important measure of the non-planarity of a graph, with applications in discrete and computational geometry and vlsi circuit design. in this paper we introduce vertex centered crossing number and study the same for maximal planar graph.

introduction diabetes is one of the chronic diseases. it is not curable but it can be controlled. the study aimed to determine the effect of family centered empowerment model on the treatment regime of school age children. materials and methods a clinical trial study was carried out on the school age diabetes children and their families. considering ethical matter a total of 50 diabetics patien...

aims: although several studies have confirmed the validity and the strength of the student-centered approach and most training centeres have put it as the heading of their agenda, there are still problems in the method of implementation, increasing the need for further research to review the mode of implementation. in this regard, the present study has been conducted to investigate students’ an...

Many medical universitiesaround the world have donestunning changes in the recent years.Some of these changes have been performed with the support of international organizations.They changed the traditionaltrainingprograms based on teacher- centered learning and disciplined approach to the educational course based on community needs responsivity and Student-centered learning. This process is ai...

the purpose of this research is determination of the effectiveness  of child-centered play therapy on internalizing problems in children. for this purpose, 30 students who had behavioral problems were identified by interviewing with parent and were evaluated by using the child behavior checklist (cbcl). among them, 10 students gain score above of cutoff point. finally, 5 students accidentally w...