AIM This study evaluated a presumed gradual decline in cognitive function in nursing home residents when the anticholinergic drug scale (ADS) score increased above 3. METHOD The study population was recruited from 21 nursing homes in Norway. Criteria for inclusion were ADS score ≥ 3 and no severe dementia, defined as Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score < 3. Primary cognitive end points were ...

Nimbidin the major bitter principle from oil of seeds of Azadirachta indica A. Juss was investigated for various pharmacological actions in a number animal models. On central nervous system it exhibited moderate sedative effect it did not show any significant cardiovascular effects in experimental animals. Autonomic pharmacological studies (in-vitro) revealed pronounced anticholinergic antihist...

introduction: cerebral vein thrombosis is a rare complication of nephrotic syndrome (ns).we report a known case of ns with hemorrhagic thrombosis. case report: a boy with previous history of ns was admitted with headache and decrease of level of consciousness and his brain images were revealed hemorrhagic thrombosis conclusions: cerebral vein thrombosis must be considered in patients with histo...

In the opera Tristan und Isolde Richard Wagner reports the poisoning of Tristan and Isolde by a “love potion.” Shortly after ingestion of the potion, the protagonists declare their love, and both die during the opera. The opera has been extensively interpreted by psychoanalysts and musicologists, but, although at least Isolde’s death remains unexplained and might be due to the potion, the medic...

BACKGROUND The cumulative effect of taking multiple medicines with anticholinergic properties termed as anticholinergic burden can adversely impact cognition, physical function and increase the risk of mortality. Expert opinion derived risk scales are routinely used in research and clinical practice to quantify anticholinergic burden. These scales rank the anticholinergic activity of medicines ...

BACKGROUND in older people, medications with anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) effects are associated with adverse clinical outcomes, the risk increasing with increasing anticholinergic exposure. Many anticholinergics are recognised as potentially inappropriate and efforts to reduce prescription have been ongoing. We examined temporal trends of anticholinergic prescription and exposure in older ...

PURPOSE Central nervous system (CNS) and cardiovascular system (CVS) side effects of anticholinergic agents used to treat overactive bladder (OAB) are underreported. Hence, this review aimed to focus on the mechanisms of CNS and CVS side effects of anticholinergic drugs used in OAB treatment, which may help urologists in planning the rationale for OAB treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed/M...

purpose : to evaluate the retinal nerve fiber layer (rnfl) and central corneal thickness (cct) in patients with exfoliation syndrome (xfs) methods : in this comparative case series we measures rnfl thickness and cct 30 patients with xfs and 30 age and sex matched healthy subjects who met the inclusion criteria. results : average rnfl in xfs group were significantly thinner than controls (94.36±...

fructose consumption has increased dramatically in the last 40 years, and its role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome has been implicated by many studies. it is most often encountered in the diet as sucrose (glucose and fructose) or high-fructose corn syrup (55% fructose). at high levels, dietary exposure to fructose triggers a series of metabolic changes originating in the liver, le...