The U.S. Supreme Court has outlined five criteria on which evaluations of eyewitness identifications should be based (certainty, view, attention, description, and time; Neil v. Biggers, 1972). We postulated that certainty plays a qualitatively different role from the four other Biggers criteria in evaluations of eyewitness identification testimony. Specifically, we hypothesized that participant...

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We address the problem of assessing the information conveyed by a finite discrete probability distribution, within the context of knowledge discovery. Our approach is based on two main axiomatic intuitions: (i) the minimum information is given in the case of a uniform distribution, and (ii) knowledge is akin to a notion of richness, related to the dimension of the distribution. From this perspe...

Previous work on concept learning has focused on how concepts are acquired without addressing metacognitive aspects of this process. An important part of concept learning from a learner’s perspective is subjectively knowing when a new concept has been effectively learned. Here, we investigate learners’ certainty in a classic Boolean concept-learning task. We collected certainty judgements durin...

Infinite games where several players seek to coordinate under imperfect information are known to be intractable, unless the information flow is severely restricted. Examples of undecidable cases typically feature a situation where players become uncertain about the current state of the game, and this uncertainty lasts forever. Here we consider games where the players attain certainty about the ...

I believe that industry requirements for software estimate accuracy are infeasible. This is because software development, like economics and management science, is a complex, non-linear adaptive system and as such any attempt to estimate project effort or timescales is likely to result in very inaccurate estimates. In my view, it is important to understand the nature of the uncertainty in estim...

Like many discussions on the pros and cons of epistemic foundationalism, the debate between C.I. Lewis and H. Reichenbach dealt with three concerns: the existence of basic beliefs, their nature, and the way in which beliefs are related. In this paper we concentrate on the third matter, especially on Lewis’s assertion that a probability relation must depend on something that is certain, and Reic...

World modelling for mobile autonomous robot is usually a process that uses sensor data as input and provides a model of the robot’s environment as output. In this paper we investigate on sensor fusion methods for robustness and fault tolerance. We evaluate three methods according to their performance, memory consumption, and required sensor configurations. The algorithms have been implemented i...

This paper presents an approach to integrate the concepts of indefinite information with certainty factor in an object-oriented framework. In this work, the concept of traditional indefinite information is extended to include certainty factors so that indefiniteness can be measured. Indefinite information with certainty factors is classified into two categories: certainty factors of association...