Device modeling and simulation of a mechanically stacked CuGaSe2/Cu(In1-x,Gax)Se2 (CGS/CIGS) tandem solar cell have been carried out in this study. The physical model consists of a CIGS bottom cell with a double graded band-gap profile in the space charge region (SCR) and the backside of the absorber layer and a uniform band-gap CGS top cell. By varying the absorber layer thickness of the CGS t...

In graphical modelling, the existence of substantive background knowledge on block ordering of variables is used to perform structural learning within the family of chain graphs (CGs) in which every block corresponds to an undirected graph and edges joining vertices in different blocks are directed in accordance with the ordering.We show that this practice may lead to an inappropriate restricti...

Introduction Cardiac Glycosides (CGs) are commonly used to treat congestive heart failure. CGs inhibit the Sodium Potassium ATPase (Na+/K+ ATPase) pump. Interestingly, CGs have been suggested to inhibit proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. A pool of non-pumping Na+/K+ ATPase reportedly localizes in specific membrane organelles, caveolae, by interacting with the structural protein...

The Economics of a cogeneration system for district heating and cooling (CGS) depend not only on the exergetic efficiencies of generating heat and power, but also on various other factors such as the capacity factor, the construction cost of the CGS, and the annual cost rate for the construction cost. One of economic difficulties of a CGS constructed in Japan lies in the fact that capacity fact...

CuGaS2 (CGS) nanoplates were successfully synthesized by one-pot thermolysis of a mixture solution of CuCl, GaCl3, and 1-dodecanethiol in noncoordinating solvent 1-octadecene. Their morphology, crystalline phase, and composition were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), powder X-ray...

This paper describes an extension of C Global Surveyor (CGS), a static program analysis tool developed at the NASA Ames Research Center. CGS is used to analyse mission-critical flight software of NASA Mars missions. In order to enhance CGS and support the analysis of very large systems, the abstract interpretation techniques on which CGS is based need to be augmented by complimentary program an...

CGS-21680 (CGS), a highly selective adenosine A2a receptor agonist, may excite the fetal carotid bodies. This study was designed to determine 1) whether CGS stimulates fetal breathing and 2) whether sinoaortic denervation abolishes CGS-induced tachycardia. In eight intact fetuses (>0.8 term), intra-arterial CGS infusion (6 μg ⋅ min-1 ⋅ kg estimated fetal wt-1) increased mean arterial [Formula: ...

Conditional goal setting (CGS, the tendency to regard high order goals such as happiness, as conditional upon the achievement of lower order goals) is observed in individuals with depression and recent research has suggested a link between levels of dispositional mindfulness and conditional goal setting in depressed patients. Since interventions which aim to increase mindfulness through trainin...