The development of cholinergic cells in the rat retina has been examined with immunocytochemistry by using antisera against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). ChAT-immunoreactive (IR) cells were first detected at embryonic day 17 (E17) in the transitional zone between the neuroblastic layer (NBL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL). At E20, ChAT-IR cells are located exclusively in the GCL. At postnata...

AIM This research was conducted to identify the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) and to clarify the capability of Ocimum sanctum Linn. ethanolic extract to stimulate the presence of ChAT in the aging HCMECs. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we perform an in vitro analysis some in the presence of an ethanolic extract ...

We present a chat system that uses animated text associated with emotional information to show the affective state of the user. The system obtains the affective state of a chat user from a physiological sensor attached to the user’s body. This paper describes preliminary experiments and provides examples of possible applications of our chat system. Observations from informal experiments compari...

BACKGROUND Murine and human ventricular cardiomyocytes rich in acetylcholine (Ach) receptors are poorly innervated by the vagus, compared with whole ventricular innervation by the adrenergic nerve. However, vagal nerve stimulation produces a favorable outcome even in the murine heart, despite relatively low ventricular cholinergic nerve density. Such a mismatch and missing link suggest the exis...

When multiple conversations occur simultaneously, a listener must decide which conversation each utterance is part of in order to interpret and respond to it appropriately. We refer to this task as disentanglement. We present a corpus of Internet Relay Chat dialogue in which the various conversations have been manually disentangled, and evaluate annotator reliability. We propose a graph-based c...

This document specifies an application-level protocol (i.e., payload type) for chat tools using the Real Time Protocol for Distributed Interactive Media (RTP/I). RTP/I defines a standardized framing for the transmission of application data and provides protocol mechanisms that are universally needed for the class of distributed interactive media. A chat tool provides an instant messaging servic...