Safe water scarcity occurs mostly in developing regions that also suffer from energy shortages and infrastructure deficiencies. Low-cost and energy-efficient water disinfection methods have the potential to make great impacts on people in these regions. At the present time, most water disinfection methods being promoted to households in developing countries are aqueous chemical-reaction-based o...

The challenge to achieve appropriate disinfection without forming harmful disinfection byproducts by conventional chemical disinfectants, as well as the growing demand for decentralized or point-of-use water treatment and recycling systems calls for new technologies for efficient disinfection and microbial control. Several natural and engineered nanomaterials have demonstrated strong antimicrob...

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of surgical hand rubbing (SHR) with the efficacy of surgical hand scrubbing (SHS), and to determine the costs of both techniques for surgical hand disinfection. A review of studies reported in the literature that compared the efficacy of SHS and SHR was performed using MEDLINE. The costs of SHR and SHS were estimated based on standard hospital c...

conclusions to solve the above mentioned difficulties, fundamental study most be carried out to discover the novel methods of ferrate(vi) production, focusing on increasing the product stability and the production yield. results despite the existence of these technologies, there is no full-scale application of ferrate(vi) in the water and wastewater industry which it is due to difficulties asso...

1 Using chemical sterilants and high-level disinfectants in health care facilities The update of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation American National Standard Chemical sterilization and high-level disinfection in health care facilities, ANSI/AAMI ST58:2013, is available for purchase and should become part of health care facilities’ evidence-based library. Below is a ...

• Water disinfection with geopolymer composite foam is reported for the first time. Geopolymer and Ag 0 -bentonite formed matrix dispersed phases, respectively. Disinfection efficiency against E. coli enterococci was promising ?1 d. Leaching of Na, Al, Si, Ag, pH remained within drinking water guideline values. Geopolymers resemble conventional ceramics but can be manufactured at near-ambient t...

Chemical disinfection of water is a major public health triumph of the 20th century. Dramatic decreases in both morbidity and mortality of waterborne diseases are a direct result of water disinfection. With these important public health benefits comes low-level, chronic exposure to a very large number of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), chemicals formed through reaction of the chemical disinfect...

Chemical sterilants are used to high-level disinfect heat-sensitive semicritical items such as endoscopes. Most endoscopes have been reprocessed between each patient use with glutaraldehyde (>2%) or the Steris System 1. Several new chemical sterilants have been developed recently, including 7.5% hydrogen peroxide, 0.08% peracetic acid plus 1.0% hydrogen peroxide, and 0.55% orthophthalaldehyde. ...