The constant demand to scale down transistors and improve device performance has led to material as well as process changes in the formation of IC interconnect. Traditionally, aluminum has been used to form the IC interconnects. The process involved subtractive etching of blanket aluminum as defined by the patterned photo resist. However, the scaling and performance demands have led to transiti...

This paper presents a meta-heuristic optimization algorithm, Tabu Search (TS), and describes how it can be used to solve a wide variety of chemical engineering problems. Modifications to the original algorithm and constraint handling techniques are described and integrated to extend its applicability. All components of TS are described in detail. Initial values for each key parameter of TS are ...

In chemical product design, we try to find a (chemical) product that exhibits certain desirable or specified behaviour. This can be a single chemical, a mixture, or a formulation, where an additive is added to the original chemical product (molecule or mixture) to significantly enhance its desirable functional properties. Examples of chemical products, such as functional chemicals (solvents, re...

In the analysis of combustion processes, simulation is a costefficient tool that complements experimental testing. The simulation models must be precise if subtle differences are to be detected. On the other hand, computational evaluation of precise models typically requires substantial effort. To escape the computational bottleneck, reduced chemical schemes, for example, ILDM-based methods or ...

We have developed a core code to model the cylindrical polar and Cartesian incompressible turbulent Navier-Stokes equations with application to chemical reactor problems. A conventional co-located finite volume method is used to discretise the conservative form of the partial differential equations. The pressure velocity coupling is solved using the SIMPLE algorithm with the resulting sets of e...

3 Corresponding Author Robust PID Control in Chemical Process Industries Rakesh Joshi, Kostas Tsakalis, J. Ward MacArthur, Sachi Dash Abstract Robust control design has been increasingly used in industrial settings by leading automation companies. The design procedure has evolved in the last decades and fairly automated procedures exist now for use by practicing engineers or even operators. One...

will mark the 20th anniversary of the worst industrial accident in history, the chemical plant disaster in Bhopal, India, that killed thousands of people and injured tens of thousands more. Along with other safety professionals from around the world, I will be traveling to India this fall to reflect on what has changed and what we still must do to better protect the lives of workers and the pub...

Observers or state estimators are devices applied to approximate unknown parameters that are due to uncertain parameters, noise, disturbances and mismatch. It is important to identify those variables prior to construct a control system and avoid fault or process disruption. In certain chemical processes, such observer usage produced unsatisfactory results therefore hybrid approached is the best...