BACKGROUND We conducted a prospective study in a cohort of short-term travelers assessing the incidence rate of anti-circumsporozoite seroconversion, adherence to chemoprophylaxis, symptoms of malaria during travel, and malaria treatment abroad. METHODS Adults were recruited from the travel clinic of the Public Health Service Amsterdam. They kept a structured daily travel diary and donated bl...

BACKGROUND Current treatment regimens that are designed to prevent deep venous thrombosis in patients undergoing orthopaedic procedures rely predominantly on drug prophylaxis alone. The purpose of this randomized clinical study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a mechanical adjunct to chemoprophylaxis that involves intermittent compression of the legs. METHODS During a twenty-two month per...

CONTEXT Controversies in malaria prevention arise from the absence of data, conflicting data between different studies, conflicting recommendations, deviation of local practice from scientific data, and varying risk thresholds. Misconceptions about the seriousness of malaria, the tolerability of chemoprophylaxis drugs, and the efficacy and safety of repellents contribute to the controversies. ...

BACKGROUND Relapse in the central nervous system (CNS) following initial treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an uncommon but serious complication. This single centre retrospective study investigated the rate of CNS relapse in patients with DLBCL who received standardised intrathecal (IT) chemoprophylaxis. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 259 patients were newly diagnosed and ...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis contact investigation identifies individuals who may be recently infected with tuberculosis and are thus at increased risk for disease. Contacts with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are offered chemoprophylaxis to prevent active disease; however, the effectiveness of this intervention is unclear as treatment completion is generally low. METHODS A retrospective coh...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a voluntary protocol for selective intrapartum chemoprophylaxis on the incidence of early onset group B streptococcal sepsis (GBS EOS). METHODS Cases of GBS EOS were defined as a positive GBS culture from a normally sterile fluid obtained during the first 7 days of life. All cases of GBS EOS at an urban, university-affiliated commu...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE HIV chemoprophylaxis may be a future prevention strategy to help control the global epidemic of HIV/AIDS. Safety and efficacy trials of two agents are currently underway. We assess the expected number of HIV cases prevented and cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical HIV chemoprophylaxis program among men who have sex with men in a large US city. DESIGN AND METHODS We de...