PURPOSE Smokeless tobacco-based oral-use products like gutka are popular in India. Gutka usage leads to increased periodontal destruction and inflammation; however, the relevant mechanism remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the role of gutka in periodontitis by examining its effect on the levels of interleukin (IL) 1β and IL-8 from the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). METHODS A tot...

OBJECTIVE There are no studies that have (a) compared self-perceived oral symptoms and clinical and radiographic periodontal parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BoP], clinical attachment loss [CAL], and marginal bone loss [MBL]) among shamma-chewers (SC) and gutka-chewers (GC); and (b) assessed periodontal parameters among SC. The aim of the present study was to compare the self...

This study is focused on piper betel/arecanut chewing in Kalinga. It aimed to explore the Kalinga epic, Ullalim find out cultural significance of betel/areca nut chewing. The literary analysis epic revealed that there are significances and ethno-therapeutic effects betel/ areca reflected Ullalim. then recommended young chewers should become more aware social nut.

BACKGROUND This study assessed the correlation between nicotine dependence and salivary cotinine levels in tobacco chewers and checked the reliability of Fagerstorm test in tobacco cessation programmes. METHODS The study sample included 75 tobacco chewers aged between 20 to 50 years. Self-reported nicotine dependence was evaluated using Fagerstorm Test for Nicotine dependence-smokeless tobacc...

AIMS OF THE STUDY (1) To assess psychological khat dependence and (2) to assess the validity and reliability of the Severity Dependence Scale (Gossop et al., 1995) amended for khat use (SDS-khat), in a sample of UK-resident male adult Yemeni khat chewers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study using a face to face structured interview schedule was conducted amongst purposively sampled ...

Background and Aim The association of betel nut with liver cirrhosis among alcohol drinkers has been clearly shown. However, very few studies have shown such an association among non-alcohol drinkers. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between betel nut chewing and cirrhosis among non-alcohol drinkers. Materials and Methods This study retrospectively analyzed data retrieved ...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Tobacco use among school children is becoming a serious problem in developing countries. The early age of initiation underscores the urgent need to intervene and protect this vulnerable group from falling prey to this addiction. The present study was thus undertaken to assess the prevalence of tobacco habits among school children, determine the age of initiation of these...

Salivary functions rely on its various physicochemical characteristics and any variations under threshold levels are considered risk factors for the development of oral diseases. Aim: A single-blind randomized cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess the effect of chewing tobacco on pH of saliva and tongue coating and its impact on oral microflora. Materials and Method: Forty-five (15 con...

BACKGROUND The chewing of khat leaf with tobacco smoking amongst Yemenis, Somalis and Ethiopians is reported to impact oral and general health. The health status and particularly dental and medical care attendance of UK-khat chewers has not received attention. This study aimed to explore health status and dental and medical attendance and its associated factors in UK permanently resident Yemeni...