Objective: Achalasia is a disease characterized by lower esophageal sphincter motility disorder. Whereas there no clear algorithm in treating achalasia children, Heller myotomy known to be as the most effective method. Gastroesophageal reflux after frequently reported complication. Therefore, fundoplication procedure should added simultaneously. Our study aimed present results of patients who u...

More than 5 million children in the United States undergo surgery annually. Of those 5 million children, 50% to 75% experience considerable fear and anxiety preoperatively. Preoperative anxiety in children is associated with a number of adverse postoperative outcomes, such as increased distress in the recovery phase, and postoperative regressive behavioral disturbances, such as nightmares, sepa...