Simulations of greenhouse gas emission reductions from low-cost hybrid solar photovoltaic and cogeneration systems for new communities, Simulations of greenhouse gas emission reductions from low-cost hybrid solar photovoltaic and cogeneration systems for new communities, Abstract Recent work has shown that small-scale combined heat and power (CHP) and solar photovoltaic (PV) technologies have s...

All renewable energy systems make some contribution to climate change. This is due to the emission of greenhouse gases from the fossil fuels combusted for their construction, and as back-up energy during their operation. Accurate calculation of greenhouse gas emissions per kilowatt hour of electricity is difficult, but is an important part of policy making and planning. Calculation methodologie...

[1] The rate of sea level rise and its causes are topics of active debate. Here we use a delayed response statistical model to attribute the past 1000 years of sea level variability to various natural (volcanic and solar radiative) and anthropogenic (greenhouse gases and aerosols) forcings. We show that until 1800 the main drivers of sea level change are volcanic and solar radiative forcings. F...

The internal and external North Atlantic Sector variability is investigated by means of a multimillennial control run and forced experiments with the Kiel Climate Model (KCM). The internal variability is studied by analyzing the control run. The externally forced variability is investigated in a run with periodic millennial solar forcing and in greenhouse warming experiments with enhanced carbo...

Life-cycle studies of the currently dominant transport biofuels (bioethanol made from starch or sugar and biodiesel made from vegetable oil) show that solar energy conversion efficiency is relatively poor if compared with solar cells and that such biofuels tend to do worse than conventional fossil transport fuels as to the emission of eutrophying and acidifying substances. Lifecycle studies of ...

The antigreenhouse effect results from a high altitude haze which blocks sunlight while allowing transmission of thermal infrared. An antigreenhouse is observed on Titan and has been proposed for the early Earth. Here, we derive an analytic solution useful for computing the atmospheric and surface temperature with both the greenhouse and antigreenhouse effects included. In agreement with detail...

Since the 1970s, installed solar photovoltaic capacity has grown tremendously to 230 gigawatt worldwide in 2015, with a growth rate between 1975 and 2015 of 45%. This rapid growth has led to concerns regarding the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of photovoltaics production. We present a review of 40 years of photovoltaics development, analysing the development of energy demand a...

We reconstruct the solar irradiance since 1874 employing an evolved version of previously published models and improved sunspot and facular data. A good correlation between reconstructed irradiance and Earth’s global air temperature on time scales longer than the solar cycle is obtained and, in contrast to many earlier models, solar irradiance does not on average lag behind global temperature p...

This paper presents a methodology for solving unit commitment problem for thermal units integrated with solar energy system. The Solar energy source is included in this model due to low electricity cost and environmental issues like Global warming, Greenhouse effect, etc., There will be changes in the generation cost by considering the solar energy and this paper explains about the differences ...