Isothermal ternary diffusion coefficients for the system lysozyme chloride (1)+NH4Cl (2)+H2O at 258C and pH 4.5 have been measured interferometrically for five mean NH4Cl concentrations, C2 1⁄4 0:25, 0.5, 0.9, 1.2 and 1.5M, with C1 1⁄4 0:6mM. The main-term diffusion coefficient ðD11Þv varies slowly with C2. The main-term ðD22Þv increases with increasing NH4Cl concentration, as does the binary D...

Chloride-induced corrosion is a key factor in the premature corrosion of concrete structures exposed to a marine environment. Fick's second law of diffusion is the dominant equation to model diffusion of chloride ions. This equation is traditionally solved by Finite Element Method (FEM) and Finite Difference Method (FDM). Although these methods are robust and efficient, they may face some numer...

Rates of chloride ion diffusion in narrow (ca. 3 microm thick), rectangular (ca. 0.1 x 1.0 mm(2)) channels partially filled with polystyrene microspheres are investigated by a potentiometric electrochemical time-of-flight (P-ETOF) method. Lithographically fabricated on glass slides, P-ETOF devices consist of a centrally positioned 10 microm wide, ca. 1 mm long generator microelectrode and two s...

Plastic encapsulated microcircuits with aluminum triple track structures were exposed to mixed flowing gas conditions to simulate and accelerate possible environments during long-term storage. No increase in resistance was measured and no corrosion products were observed after 800 h of accelerated exposure. Further experimentation indicated that chloride gas reacts with surface moisture in micr...

A technique is described for study of the kinetics of lateral transport of ions across single roots of corn, Zea mays, in short term experiments under steady state conditions. The kinetics of chloride transfer to the vessels reflected the kinetics of absorption of chloride by the root cells. Efflux from the root vacuoles contributed to only a small extent to transport of chloride into the exuda...

We use accurate thermodynamic derivatives extracted from high-precision measurements of the four volume-fixed diffusion coefficients in ternary solutions of lysozyme chloride in aqueous NaCl, NH4Cl, and KCl at pH 4.5 and 25 degrees C to (a) assess the relative contributions of the common-ion and nonideality effects to the protein chemical potential as a function of salt concentration, (b) compa...

The non-steady-state migration test for measuring the chloride migration coefficient was performed on mortar specimens fabricated with supplementary cementitious materials. A careful examination of the test results revealed that the use of more than one specimen with different test durations is recommended for obtaining reliable chloride migration coefficients. Additionally, the voltage applied...