The asymetric unit of the title compound, [NiCl(2)(C(5)H(5)N)(2)](n), contains two Ni(II) ions located on different twofold rotational axes, two chloride anions and two pyridine rings in general positions. Each Ni(II) ion is coordinated by two pyridine rings, which form dihedral angles of 33.0 (2) and 11.0 (2)° for the two centers, and four chloride anions in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. T...

Long-wave-sensitive (LWS) cone visual pigments are sensitive to the concentration of chloride ions and show a spectral shift to shorter wavelengths when exposed to low chloride levels. We have used the aspartate-isolated mass receptor potential of the electroretinogram (ERG) to establish whether the spectrally shifted cone pigment is functional. In the goldfish, Carassius auratus, the lambda(ma...

In the title complex, [CdCl(2)(C(4)H(8)O(2))](n), two different Cd(II) ions are present, one in a general position and one with site symmetry 2. The Cd(II) ions are coordinated by two O atoms from two 1,4-dioxane ligands and four chloride anions in a slightly distorted octa-hedral geometry and is connected to neighboring Cd(II) ions by two bridging chloride anions, generating infinite linear ch...

The parallel course of the excretion rates of bromide and sodium ions was demonstrated in adult male and female rats administered simultaneously with potassium 82Br-bromide and 24Na-sodium chloride. The animals were exposed to various intakes of sodium ions accompanied with five different anions: Br-, Cl-, HCO3-, ClO4-, and SCN-. Regardless of the anion accompanying the sodium ion, the excretio...

Molecular-dynamics simulations were performed to model the effect of added salt ions on the liquid-liquid interface in a partially miscible system. Simulations of the interface between saturated phases of a model 1-hexanol+water system show a bilayer structure of 1-hexanol molecules at the interface with -OH heads of the first layer directed into the water phase and the opposite orientation for...

The title ionic compound, C(2)H(10)N(2) (2+)·2Cl(-), crystallizes with a center of symmetry within the cation. Each of the positively charged ammonium ends of the mol-ecule is trigonally hydrogen bonded to three different chloride counter-ions, while each of the chloride ions is trigonally hydrogen bonded to three different ethyl-enediammonium cations. The hydrogen-bonding network leads to stab...

In the title mol-ecular salt, (C10H16N2)[CoCl4], the piperazine ring of the phenyl-piperazine dication adopts a chair conformation and the phenyl ring occupies an equatorial orientation. In the tetra-chlorido-cobaltate(II) dianion, the Co-Cl bond lengths for the chloride ions not accepting hydrogen bonds are significantly shorter than those for the chloride ions accepting such bonds. In the cry...

Corrosion of steel reinforcement is the major cause of deterioration in concrete structures, and carbon dioxide and especially chlorides are the main causes of damage. The rate at which chloride ions diffuse through concrete is a major determinant of the durability of structures. If chloride ions reach the vicinity of the rebar, the passive film around the steel can start to break down and the ...

DE MELLO, WALMOIC CARLOS. Role of chloride ions in cardiac action and pacemaker potentials. Am. J. Physiol. 205(s) : 567-575. 1 g63.-Evidence is presented that chloride ions are able to carry an appreciable amount of electric charge through the membrane of atria1 muscle fibers, Purkinje fibers, and fibers of the S-A nodal pacemaker. An increase in the slope of diastolic depolarization of pacema...