Introduction: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases affecting chondrogenesis or the function of articular cartilage. The purpose of the present study was to find the effect of soybean extract on reduction of detoriation effects of oxidativestress in embryonic chondrogenesis in vitro. Methods: In order to separate ectoderm from mesenchyme, the limb buds ...

The otocyst is the epithelial anlage of the membranous labyrinth which interacts with surrounding cephalic mesenchyme to form an otic capsule. A series of in vitro studies was performed to gain a better understanding of the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions involved in this process. Parallel series of otocyst/mesenchyme (O/M) and isolated periotic mesenchyme (M) explants provided morphologica...

Trichostatin A (TSA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) known to modulate differentiation of many cells. However, its effect on chondrogenesis remains elusive. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of TSA on in vitro transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The pellet cultures of hMSCs in a chondrogenic medium were ...

Light and electron microscopy are used in this study to compare chondrogenesis in cultured somites with vertebral chondrogenesis These studies have also characterized some of the effects of inducer tissues (notochord and spinal cord), and different nutrient media, on chondrogenesis in cultured somites Somites from stage 17 (54-60 h) chick embryos were cultured, with or without inducer tissues, ...

statement of problem: it is not known whether endochondral and intramembranous bones have distinct biological characteristics. octacalcium phosphate (ocp), a hydroxyapatite precursor, has been reported to stimulate bone formation after being implanted in parietal bone defects of rats. purpose: the present study was designed to investigate the response of endochondral and intramembranous bones t...

Movement is a key characteristic of higher organisms. During mammalian embryogenesis fetal movements have been found critical to normal tissue development. On the single cell level, however, our current understanding of stem cell differentiation concentrates on inducing factors through cytokine mediated biochemical signaling. In this study, human mesenchymal stem cells and chondrogenesis were i...

Since articular cartilage has a limited regeneration potential, for developing biological therapies for cartilage regeneration it is important to study the mechanisms underlying chondrogenesis of stem cells. Bioluminescence assays can visualize a wide range of biological phenomena such as gene expression, signaling, metabolism, development, cellular movements, and molecular interactions by usin...

INTRODUCTION Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are promising for cartilage regeneration because BMSCs can differentiate into cartilage tissue-producing chondrocytes. Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) is crucial for inducing chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs and is known to signal via Activin receptor-Like Kinase (ALK) receptors ALK5 and ALK1. Since the specific role of th...

INTRODUCTION: Transforming growth factorβ1(TGF) has been reported to influence the proliferation of chondrocytes and also stimulate proteoglycan synthesis. However, this chondrocyte’s response to TGF can be achieved through prolonged exposure to TGF. Therefore, a focal application of controlled releasing system remains attractive for enhancing chondrogenesis of tissue engineered constructs. Por...