a rare anatomical innervation of the musculocutaneous nerve m.m. taghavi msc , m. shariati kohbanani msc , s.m. seyedmirzaee md received: 24/09/06 sent for revision: 20/02/07 received revised manuscript: 07/04/07 accepted: 27/05/07 background and objectives: anatomically the musculocutaneous nerve (c5,6 ) is a branch of lateral cord of the brachial plexus and its motor nerve fibers innervates t...

Introduction: The brachial plexus is responsible for the innervation to the upper limb and some parts of the thorax. Variations in the branching of the brachial plexus are common and have been reported in 65.3% of the population. The variations (Atypical communication) of brachial plexus have significant clinical and surgical importance. Methods: In this study 10 upper limbs which belonged...

BACKGROUND The Wnt and BMP signaling pathways are involved in the morphogenesis of both gastrointestinal and choroid plexus epithelium. In the intestine, Wnt signaling represses the expression of the tumor suppressor gene CDX2 via SOX9, a transcription factor, which is also expressed in the choroid plexus. Recently, an inverse correlation between CDX2 expression and tumor grade, tumor stage and...

Upper Miocene (~6 Ma) sediments from a north-south transect of Ocean Drilling Program Holes 848B, 849B, 850B, 851B across the equator in Eastern Pacific record an episode unusual skeletal variability associated with silicoflagellate Bachmannocena diodon subsp. nodosa (Bukry) Bukry, 1987. Skeletons this plexus persisted for between 55,000 and 75,000 years include arch 2-sided basal ring, highly ...

leiomyoma is a very rare intraocular tumor, which can occur in the iris, ciliary body and choroids. we report a case of choroidal leiomyoma in a 16-years old women whose left eye was enucleated because of clinical suspicion for melanoma. using conventional light microscopy tumor was interpreted as spindle cell tumor, most probably of neurogenic origin and after using immunohistochemical studies...

The choroid plexus, an epithelial-based structure localized in the brain ventricle, is the major component of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. The choroid plexus produces the cerebrospinal fluid and regulates the components of the cerebrospinal fluid. Abnormal choroid plexus function is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, tumor formation in the choroid plexus epithelium, and hydro...

PURPOSE To determine the pathogenesis of transient myopia after blunt eye trauma. METHODS In one patient, the refraction of both eyes (the left eye was injured, but the right eye was not) was measured with an autorefractometer. The cycloplegic refraction was measured at the early stage of trauma and again 3 months after the blunt eye injury. The angle and depth of the anterior chamber, the ci...

[n diagnostic iieuropathology, the histological distinctions betweeii nonn"l choroid plexus, typical aiid atypical choroid plexus papilloma aiid choroid plexus carciiioma may cause difficulties. [mmunohistocheinistry was applied for proliferatiiig cell nuclear antigeii oii 7 samples of nonnal choroid plexus, 12 typical papillomas, 10 atypical papillomas, and 3 choroid plexus carcinomas to evalu...

Current knowledge of the benefits of nutrition supplements for eye pathologies is based largely on the use of appropriate animal models, together with defined dietary supplementation. Here, C57BL6 mice were subretinally injected with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-400, an established model of retinal degeneration with a dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD)-like phenotype, an eye pathology that...