With up to 400 million affected people worldwide, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a major health care problem. During the last decade, several novel therapeutic approaches have been developed and evaluated. In most regions of the world, interferon-α (IFN-α), and nucleos(t)ide analogues are currently approved. Despite major improvements, none of the existing therapies is optim...

Although an estimated 1 million persons in the United States are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus, the prevalence of hepatitis B has declined since the implementation of a national vaccination program. Hepatitis B virus is transmitted in blood and secretions. Acute infection may cause nonspecific symptoms, such as fatigue, poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, low-grade fe...

autoimmunity and viral infections are closely associated fields, and viruses have been proposed as a likely aetiological, contributory or triggering factors of systemic autoimmune diseases. hepatitis c virus seems to be the virus usually associated with the appearance of autoimmune diseases, and the relationship between chronic hepatitis c virus infection and some autoimmune disease has been st...

Introduction: Hepatitis B is a disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is transmitted through percutaneous (i.e., puncture through the skin) or mucosal (i.e., direct contact with mucous membranes) exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. HBV can cause chronic infection, resulting in cirrhosis of the liver, liver cancer, liver failure, and death. Persons with chronic infection a...

background: blood transfusion plays a great role in public health and the blood safety still has remained a main concern. hbv has been considered as one of the most prevalent blood borne infections. it is estimated that chronic hbv affects 350-400 million people worldwide. comprehensive knowledge about hbv has high importance in iran due to high number of blood dependent patients. material and ...

Background: To determine the possible sources for the transmission of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection to children in Babol, North of Iran.Methods: Forty-five boys and 35 girls with the mean age of 9.2±5.1 years were evaluated from 1993 to 2004. Hepatitis B viral markers in all the family members were assessed. The risk factors for other sources were also determined.Results: Sixty-five (81.3%)...

background : hepatitis b virus (hbv) is one of the most popular causes of chronic liver diseases through the world. there are approximately 350 million individuals infected with the hbv that 15 to 20 million of them are co-infected with hdv. it is known that co-existent infection with hdv tends to accelerate the progress of chronic hbv infection to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellula...

conclusions fulminant hepatitis b is associated with distinct mutational patterns of hbv, underlining that genomic diversity of the virus is an important factor determining its pathogenicity. results the most commonly detected diversities affect regulatory motifs of hbv in the core and s region, indicating that these alterations may convert the virus to an aggressive strain. moreover, mutations...

background: with respect to the importance of hepatitis a in patients with chronic liver disease, current study was conducted with the aim of determining the prevalence of previous hepatitis a infection in hepatitis b virus carriers with different stages of liver disease. materials and methods: this was a cross sectional study. 283 hbsag positive subjects (including 118 inactive carriers, 144 p...

Objective(s) The aim of this study was to characterize the hepatitis B virus surface protein genotypes and sequence variations among hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) positive chronic patients in Hormozgan province, south of Iran. Materials and Methods A total of 8 patients enrolled in this study. The surface gene was amplified and directly sequenced. Genotypes and nucleotide/amino a...