background: chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (copd) are planned to rank fifth in burden of disease and third with respect to mortality by 2020. carrying out research regarding different aspects of copd is mentioned as important health priorities by academic institutions and governments. the burden of lung disease (bold) initiative was designed a decade ago to develop robust models that ca...

Spirometry is necessary for the diagnosis and monitoring of both obstructive and restrictive lung diseases. Today, the most rapidly growing health problem in the United States is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is now the fourth most common cause of death and the only cause of death that is rising among the top ten causes. There is also an increasing prevalence of interstitia...

the use of flow cytometry in the clinical laboratory has grown substantially in the past decade. flow cytometric analysis provides a rapid qualitative and quantitative description of multiple characteristics of individual cells. for example, it is possible to detect the cell size and granularity, aspects of dna and rna content and the presence of cell surface and nuclear markers which are used ...

Tiotropium represents a new generation of inhaled therapy. No other inhaled product has demonstrated effectiveness with once-daily dosing. Treatment has been associated with improved lung function, decrease in the number of exacerbations, increase in the time to first exacerbation, and improved quality of life. Adverse effects appear to be mild in nature, and the only significant adverse effect...

Smoking amongst women has become significant as the number of smoking women is increasing gradually in this developing society. It affects the lungs to produce Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Present study was conducted over 100 smoker's women and 100 non-smoker women in the age group of 30-40 Years. Three Lung Function Tests--FEVI, FVC and PEFR were employed to all smoking and no...

C pulmonary diseases, a s m a i n l y d e f i n e d b y asthma, bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease, pulmonary hypertension etc., represent the third leading cause of death in United States and account for more than 143,382 deaths in 201148. The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in India is estimated to be 31.4–57.1% over 6...

This letter arises from discussions and correspondence between colleagues involved in respiratory research or the diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases, as well as from a review of the literature on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). As discussed below, it is written in the hope that we can persuade members of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) commi...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by destruction of extracellular matrix (ECM) in parenchymal areas, whereas the bronchial walls can show fibrosis. In addition, an extensive inflammatory process is observed. CD8+ T-cells, located throughout the lung, and epithelial cells in centrally located airways, produce cytokines involved in the inflammatory process. These cytok...

Haemophilus parainfluenzae is often isolated from the sputa of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. We have investigated the immune response to this organism in patients with chronic bronchitis (n = 3) and bronchiectasis (n = 10) and in healthy controls (n = 9). Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of H. parainfluenzae were purified for use in enzyme-linked immunosorbent and immunoblot ass...