This article is concerned with the physicality of envy in early modernand eighteenth-century health contexts. The discussion brings together descriptions of the effects of envy on the body of the envier, mainly from works of physiology and health preservation, but also from literary and spiritual writings. These depictions of envy are studied beyond their symbolism and with a view to establish ...

Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of two Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner formulations, Novodor and Raven, for controlling cottonwood leaf beetle, Chrysomela scripta F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). In laboratory bioassays, larvae or adults were added to petri dishes containing Populus x euramericana Guinier 'Eugenei' foliage that had been treated with dist...

We compared the general activity and heavy metal resistance of non-specific esterases in two populations of the leaf beetle Chrysomela lapponica from habitats severely contaminated by heavy metals (mostly Ni and Cu) and two populations from unpolluted habitats. Concentrations of Ni and Cu in adult beetles from the most polluted site were 7.7 and 3.6 times higher that in beetles from unpolluted ...

The insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis strains toxic to coleopterous insects is due to Cry3 proteins assembled into small rectangular crystals. Toxin synthesis in these strains is dependent primarily upon a promoter that is active in the stationary phase and a STAB-SD sequence that stabilizes the cry3 transcript-ribosome complex. Here we show that significantly higher yields of Cry...

The cottonwood leaf beetle, Chrysomela scripta F., is a serious defoliator of plantation Populus in the United States. Current control methods include biorational and synthetic chemicals as well as selecting Populus clones resistant or tolerant to C. scripta defoliation. SpeciÞc ratios of long-chain fatty alcohols to alpha-tocopherylquinone ( -TQ) on the leaf surface of Populus spp. act as phag...

Larval performance of the cottonwood leaf beetle,Chrysomela scriptaF., was evaluated in relation to genetic variation in phytochemical characteristics among Þrst year micropropagated ramets of Þve aspen clones (Populus tremuloidesMichx.). Foliage from the juvenile ramets used in this experiment exhibited moderate variation in nitrogen, phenolic glycosides, and condensed tannin concentrations am...

Nearly 260 taxa and chromosomal races of subfamily Chrysomelinae have been chromosomally analyzed showing a wide range of diploid numbers from 2n = 12 to 2n = 50, and four types of male sex-chromosome systems. with the parachute-like ones Xy(p) and XY(p) clearly prevailing (79.0%), but with the XO well represented too (19.75%). The modal haploid number for chrysomelines is n = 12 (34.2%) althou...

Allomones are widely used by insects to impede predation. Frequently these chemical stimuli are released from specialized glands. The larvae of Chrysomelina leaf beetles produce allomones in gland reservoirs into which the required precursors and also the enzymes are secreted from attached gland cells. Hence, the reservoirs can be considered as closed bio-reactors for producing defensive secret...

Biorational foliar sprays and a novel application method of soaking transplants in imidacloprid were evaluated for control of adult and larval cottonwood leaf beetle, Chrysomela scripta F., on hybrid poplar, with emphasis on conservation of coccinellid predators. Foliar sprays of four biorational insecticides killed adult and larval C. scripta: Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) variety tenebrionis ...