Electronic cigarette has been said to be a less harmful substitute for traditional tobacco cigarette, customized e-liquid offers various flavors and unique experience smokers. Different from electronic uses heater atomizer heat aerosolize the e-liquid. The study composition its combustion product are flourishing thanks developing analysis instruments methods. However, volatile property, influen...

OBJECTIVES To study the relation between occupational exposure to ceramic fibres during manufacture and respiratory health. METHODS The respiratory health of 628 current employees in the manufacture of ceramic fibres in seven European plants in three countries was studied with a respiratory questionnaire, lung function tests, and chest radiography. Simultaneous plant hygiene surveys measured ...

Industry throughout the world is faced with a common problem that of the disposal of waste materials from manufacturing processes. In the case of the dairy industry, one such 'waste' which is produced in enormous quantities is the whey resulting from cheese and casein manufacture. In the 1996/97 season alone it is estimated that around five billion litres of whey were produced in New Zealand. I...

Iron occurs mainly as oxide ores, though it is also found in smaller quantities as its sulfide and carbonate. These other ores are usually first roasted to convert them into the oxide. On a world scale the most important ore is haematite (Fe2O3), but in New Zealand the starting materials are magnetite (Fe3O4) and titanomagnetite (Fe2TiO4). The oxides are reduced with carbon from coal, through t...

background : the objective of this study was to describe cigarette smoking prevalence among adults in lebanon and to evaluate the profile of light cigarette smokers compared to never and heavy smokers. methods : data were taken from a cross-sectional study carried out from october 2009 to september 2010, using a multistage cluster sampling all over lebanon. lebanese residents aged 40 years and ...