There are many ways that women support their use of crack cocaine, including sex-for-crack bartering and other forms of prostitution. Empirical studies conducted in the mid-1970s and in the mid-1980s in New York City, and in Chicago in the late 1980s to early 1990s are compared, analyzing similarities and differences between the contemporary crack-prostitution scene and previous prostitution sc...

A thorough examination of the quasi-static penetration of a floating elastic-brittle plate via a fracture mechanics approach has been presented by Bažant and Kim. Bažant and Kim reach the conclusion that there is a size effect (in terms of the plate thickness, h). A few of the assumptions made by these authors will be examined in this discussion. The formulation presented by Bažant and Kim assu...

Most of the existing concrete dams are subjected to cracking. These cracks are caused by various factors such as construction practices, curing, loads and volume change of mass concrete which reduce the efficiency, failure or instability of concrete dams. Using fracture mechanics as a new method to estimate stability and durability of concrete dams is recommended in scientific publications in w...

This paper describes a novel differential geometry method that is used in combination with 3D digital image correlation (3D-DIC) for crack tip field characterization on non-planar (curved) surfaces. The proposed approach allows any of the two-dimensional models currently available literature to be extended analysis developable surface zero Gaussian curvature. was validated by analyzing displace...

The total fatigue life of a brace in an offshore jacket structure is conventionally considered in four parts. N 1 is the number of cycles to initiate the first discernible surface cracking as noted by any available method. N 2 is the number of cycles to detect surface cracking by visual examination without the use of crack enhancement or optical aids. N 3 is the number of cycles until the first...