BACKGROUND Organizational citizenship behavior, or extra-role behavior, refers to voluntarily going beyond job task requirements. This study aims to provide a new lens to citizenship behaviors by specifically exploring different expectations of citizenship behaviors related to employees' demography and suggesting how such expectations might shape employees' citizenship behaviors. RESULTS Usin...

In recent years, a growing body of work has emerged in legal theory that focuses on the relationship between law and virtue. Part this virtue jurisprudence literature deals with role adjudication judicial decision-making, leading authors claiming plays central explanatory normative role. This article engages adjudication, connects it contemporary phenomenon poses risk for courts judges, namely ...

The paper models co-operative engagement under varying environmental constraints giving rise to different forms of collective action problems, specifically focussing on water management in pre-industrial societies. I show that societies where water availability is strongly seasonal develop no mechanism to encourage society-wide cooperative behaviour because the benefits of water storage are ful...

Logical Konstrak


 This paper proposes a set of conceptual underpinnings for understanding the conditions civic participation. While empirical research is not undertaken in this paper, an for, and partially, nature of, participation required finding out whether digitizing higher education detrimental to virtues such as courage. Based on examples on-campus political action, explicates three aspects virtue: ...

organization citizenship behavior is a useful valuable behavior manifested by individuals voluntarily. thus, in the challenging world we live in, organizations seek competitive advantages by employing individuals who act beyond their tasks. in facts the main purpose of present research is explanation and evaluation organizational citizenship behavior culture components among women. statistical ...

This article has two coordinate goals: to undergird the functionalist understanding of professionalism with classical normative theory and to advance the classical theory of civic virtue with the insights of modern social science. More specifically, this article seeks to connect classical theories about the care of the body and the soul with modern theories of market and government failure. The...