In climate models subject to greenhouse gas–induced warming, vertically integrated water vapor increases at nearly the same rate as its saturation value. Previous studies showed that this increase dominates circulation changes in climate models, so that precipitation minus evaporation (P 2 E) decreases in the subtropics and increases in the tropics and high latitudes at a rate consistent with a...

Orbital precession changes the seasonal distribution of insolation at a given latitude but not the annual mean. Hence, the correlation of paleoclimate proxies of annual-mean precipitation with orbital precession implies a nonlinear rectification in the precipitation response to seasonal solar forcing. It has previously been suggested that the relevant nonlinearity is that of the Clausius–Clapey...

Over subhourly time scales, extreme precipitation events play a critical role for many sectors impacted by climate change; however, it is unclear how these will evolve in warmer climate. Here, we perform simulations using regional model over the greater Alpine region at kilometer-scale resolution. By analyzing intensities with short accumulation times, show that can capture observed percentiles...

3 Potential evapotranspiration (PET) is a supply-independent measure of the evaporative de4 mand of a terrestrial climate, of basic importance in climatology, hydrology, and agriculture. 5 Future increases in PET from greenhouse warming are often cited as key drivers of global 6 trends toward drought and aridity. The present work computes recent and business-as-usual7 future Penman-Monteith PET...

A bilayer system of two-dimensional electron gases in a perpendicular magnetic field exhibits rich phenomena. At total filling factor tot=1, as one increases the layer separation, the bilayer system goes from an interlayer-coherent exciton condensed state to an incoherent phase of, most likely, two decoupled compositefermion Fermi liquids. Many questions still remain as to the nature of the tra...