We present an efficient and flexible method for computing likelihoods for phenotypic traits on a phylogeny. The method does not resort to Monte Carlo computation but instead blends Felsenstein's discrete character pruning algorithm with methods for numerical quadrature. It is not limited to Gaussian models and adapts readily to model uncertainty in the observed trait values. We demonstrate the ...

With the advent and wide spread use of computers a number of algorithms have been developed to determine the optimum ultimate pit limits in open pit mining. The main objective of these algorithms is to find groups of blocks that should be removed to yield the maximum overall mining profit under specified economic conditions and technological constraints. The most common methods are: Lerchs and ...

One of the Multi-Agent Systems that is widely used by various government agencies, buyers and sellers in a market economy, in such a manner so as to attain optimized resource allocation, is the Combinatorial Auctioning System (CAS). We study another important aspect of resource allocations in CAS, namely fairness. We present two important notions of fairness in CAS, extended fairness and basic ...

Combinatorial proofs are given for certain entries in Ramanujan’s lost notebook. Bijections of Sylvester, Franklin, and Wright, and applications of Algorithm Z of Zeilberger are employed. A new bijection, involving the new concept of the parity sequence of a partition, is used to prove one of Ramanujan’s fascinating identities for a partial theta function.

We present an exact forward-in-time algorithm that can efficiently simulate the evolution of a finite population under the Wright-Fisher model. We used simulations based on this algorithm to verify the accuracy of the ancestral recombination graph approximation by comparing it to the exact Wright-Fisher scenario. We find that the recombination graph is generally a very good approximation for mo...

background: brucellosis is one of the endemic and a zoonotic disease of the iran. science the rapid diagnosis and quick treatment are very important, selection of a sensitive and specific test solving this problem is of a great importance. the main aim of this study is comparison of routine serologic test with standard elisa test. materials and methods: in this survey, 176 suspected patients wi...

The design of controllers for nonlinear, nonminimum-phase processes is one of the most difficult control problems currently faced. Current available control algorithms for nonlinear processes rely implicitly or explicitly on an inverse of the process. Linear control methods for nonminimum-phase processes are based on a decomposition of the process into a minimum-phase and a nonminimum-phase par...