The motility of sperm after freezing and thawing is critical for effective cryopreservation. It is known that supplementation with cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin (CLC) improves cryosurvival of sperm in various animals. To clarify the effects of supplementation with CLC on rabbit sperm motility after freezing and thawing, rabbit sperm motility was analyzed using a computer-assisted sperm analys...

PURPOSE The maintenance of stromal hydration by the corneal endothelium relies on active transendothelial anion transport, with bicarbonate and chloride the major anions carrying the current. However, the ion transport pathways that operate to maintain stromal hydration have yet to be fully elucidated. METHODS We used RT-PCR to identify the gene expression profile of members of the ClC family...

The common gating of CLC-1 has been shown to be inhibited by intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in acidic pH conditions. Such modulation is thought to be mediated by direct binding of ATP to the cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) domains at the C-terminal cytoplasmic region of CLC-1. Guided by the crystal structure of the C-terminal domain of CLC-5, we constructed a homology model of CLC-1'...

The proper functioning of the Cl(-) channel, ClC-5, is essential for the uptake of low molecular mass proteins through receptor-mediated endocytosis in the proximal tubule. Dent's disease patients with mutant ClC-5 channels and ClC-5 knockout (KO) mice both have low molecular mass proteinuria. To further understand the function of ClC-5, endocytosis was studied in LLC-PK(1) cells and primary cu...

Damage occurring to spermatozoa during cryopreservation results in a loss of motile cells and cells that are functionally normal, compared with fresh sperm samples. Treating bull sperm with cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrins (CLC) before cryopreservation results in increased sperm cryosurvival. However, in previous studies, CLC were always added to sperm samples that had been highly diluted. The ...

We have previously shown an important role of the chloride channel ClC-2 in orchestrating repair of tight junctions in ischemia-injured mucosa. In this study, we examined the role of ClC-2 in regulating barrier function of normal murine intestinal mucosa. Ex vivo, ClC-2-/- ileal mucosa mounted in Ussing chambers had significantly higher transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and reduced [(...

Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLC) are currently believed to be unique to the eosinophil and a hallmark of active eosinophilic inflammation or proliferation. The distinctiveness of the CLC to the eosinophil was questioned in 1965 by Archer and Blackwood (9), but their demonstration of CLC formation in basophils was ignored and later dismissed (1) as being the result of eosinophil contamination of ba...

To determine the immunolocalization of ClC-5 in the mouse kidney, we developed a ClC-5-specific rat monoclonal antibody. Immunoblotting demonstrated an 85-kDa band of ClC-5 in the kidney and ClC-5 transfected cells. Immunocytochemistry revealed significant labeling of ClC-5 in brush-border membrane and subapical intracellular vesicles of the proximal tubule. In addition, apical and cytoplasmic ...

Mutations in the chloride channel, ClC-5, have been described in several inherited diseases that result in the formation of kidney stones. To determine whether ClC-5 is also involved in calcium homeostasis, we investigated whether ClC-5 mRNA and protein expression are modulated in rats deficient in 1alpha,25(OH)(2) vitamin D(3) with and without thyroparathyroidectomy. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) ...

Cholangiolocellular carcinoma (CLC) is an extremely rare malignant liver tumor which was first defined by Steiner, et al. in 1957 (1). CLC is thought to be derived from Hering's canal because tumor glands of CLC are morphologically similar to cholangioles. Recently, Theise, et al. reported that Hering's canal might be composed of hepatic stem cells (3). In addition, CLC sometimes contains a hep...