Due to increasing concerns about the development of antimicrobial resistance amongst pathogenic bacteria, alternative strategies have been sought that do not use antibiotics to reduce pathogenic bacteria from foods and patients. A natural compound that has potent antimicrobial properties is citrus peel, which contains a variety of essential oils that inhibit the growth of or kill pathogenic bac...

The continuous reef tract on the semi-exposed side of Lizard Island, northern Great Barrier Reef, can be divided into 6 habitat zones, which are distinctly different in terms of their physical (depth, slope and wave exposure) and biological characteristics (percentage of living cover, percentage cover of each substratum type, substratum diversity and complexity). Sixty-four labrid species were ...

[1] In clay-rich sediment, microstructures and macrostructures influence how sediments deform when under stress. When lithology is fairly constant, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) can be a simple technique for measuring the relative consolidation state of sediment, which reflects the sediment burial history. AMS can reveal areas of high water content and apparent overconsolidation a...

Neurotransmitter release from synaptic vesicle fusion is the fundamental mechanism for neuronal communication at synapses. Evoked release following an action potential has been well characterized for its function in activating the postsynaptic cell, but the significance of spontaneous release is less clear. Using transgenic tools to image single synaptic vesicle fusion events at individual rele...

the four full seasons & the various climates in our country iran, have certainly contributed to the variety of flora in iran, some of which demonstrate wonderful therapeutic effects. this is of particular interest when one considers such problems as antibiotic resistance and other side effects of synthetic drugs which have caused global interest in the growth of new disciplines such as pharmaco...

Avian strains of Escherichia coli (213) were subjected to in vitro antibiotic sensitivity tests with twenty-four different chemotherapeutic agents. Chlorhexidine, polymyxin B, colistin, and nitrofurazone exhibited the greatest inhibitory activities against these strains. Various potencies of antibiotics were compared. The activity of sulfachloropyridazine on various types of media failed to sho...

Endocytosis, exocytosis, and lateral diffusion are key mechanisms for AMPA receptor trafficking. Endocytosis of AMPARs and other postsynaptic proteins has been proposed to occur at specific endocytic zones (EZs), but the mechanisms that regulate this process are not at all clear. In this issue of Neuron, Lu et al. show that correct synaptic EZ positioning requires links between the GTPase dynam...

[1] Comparison of ocean buoy measurements with infrasonic array data collected during the epic winter of 2002–2003 shows a clear relationship between breaking ocean wave height and infrasonic signal levels. In addition, infrasonic arrays allow the identification of distinct breaking zones along the shoreline. Our observations suggest that infrasonic measurements can be used in conjunction with ...

Sonic display of HR changes during exercise helps both the patient and the investigator to better identify the transition from rest values to "exercise" zone. then crossing the "attention" threshold and reaching the "alert" threshold. Three types of sonic display were tested, based on combinations of saccadic sounds, different intensities and different pitch. The results indicate a clear prefer...