Background: Achieving a desirable clinical education requires continuous assessment of the current situations in clinical education and identifying the strengths and weaknesses. This study aimed to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the clinical education fields. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study in which the strengths and weaknesses of clinical education settings wer...

objectives: the vineland adaptive behavior scale-ii is useful in assessing an individual’s daily functioning. they can be used as an evaluation and diagnostic tool for individuals who are mentally retarded or individuals with other handicaps. methods: to determine the efficacy of vabs in clinical settings, 3 cases with mental retardation and behavioral or emotional problems were evaluated accor...

research on assessing craving in laboratory settings often involves inducing and then measuring craving in subjects. cue-induced craving is studied in laboratory settings using the cue reactivity paradigm, in which drug-related photos, videos, evocative scripts, olfactory cues, and paraphernalia may induce craving. cue-induced craving evoked by drug-related stimuli could be associated with rela...