Botulinum toxin is the most poisonous substance known, and is believed to be a highly lethal as a biological weapon; researchers of the toxin are exposed to this hazard. Botulinum toxoid vaccines have been produced and used in Japan. However, since clinical studies involving these vaccines were conducted before establishment of the Ethical Guidelines for Clinical Research in Japan, their immuno...

Calcium ions are an important second messenger in living cells. Indeed calcium signals in the form of waves have been the subject of much recent experimental interest. It is now well established that these waves are composed of elementary stochastic release events (calcium puffs or sparks) from spatially localised calcium stores. The aim of this paper is to analyse how the stochastic nature of ...

Background & Aim: Hypertension is an incurable disease which has become a common major risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Besides increasing the risk of heart diseases and stroke, hypertension can also lead to other health conditions such as renal disease and diabetes. The prolong use of orthodox antihypertensive are usually associated with many side effect...

Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is seen in 5% of women with Candida vaginitis. Use of fluconazole as prophylactic treatment has been suggested for RVVC. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of fluconazole suppressive therapy in RVVC patients, as a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind prophylactic study. Among the 330 women with acute symptomatic vulvovagin...

The current study was done to investigate the preclinical safety and toxicology of Althaea officinalis extract as naturopathic medicine in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Specimens were treated with 0 (control), 2.5, 5 and 10 g of marshmallow extract for 45 days. Plasma biochemical parameters were measured after 15 and 45 days. Total protein, albumin and globulin levels (p < /em>>0.05). During t...

introduction  self-efficacy in clinical performance had an important role in applying competencies; also competencies and self-efficacy in clinical performance influenced to quality care of nursing and midwifery students. so the present study aimed to define the relationship between clinical competencies and clinical self-efficacy among nursing and midwifery students. materials and methods  thi...

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the endometrial histology and cervical cytology of users of two contraceptive implants releasing etonogestrel/3-keto-desogestrel (Implanon) and levonorgestrel (Norplant) in West Midlands (UK) users. A 2-year prospective randomized design was used to study 60 implant users. Endometrial histology and cervical cytology were compared before insertion an...

background: due to unpredictability of events in psychiatry environment and replacement of routine clinical experiences with some assignments such as therapeutic communication with patients, clinical training in such environments has been associated with many problems which require continuous review and evaluation.  the purpose of the present research was to determine the effect of applying por...

The computational approach is one of the newest and fastest developing techniques in pharmacokinetics, ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) evaluation, drug discovery and toxicity. However, to date, the software packages devoted to ADME prediction, especially of metabolism, have not yet been adequately validated and still require improvements to be effective. Most are ‘open’ s...

introduction: performing correct research in different aspects of community as well as medical sciences can be a way to resolve many problems. in order to create a systematic knowledge of research method in academic members of arak university of medical sciences and enabling them in providing proposals and performing researches, a clinical research center was developed. this study is done to in...