in order to investigating theeffects of  crop rotation and applying of herbicides on weed distribution in  irrigated wheat fields of kermanshah province, this study was performed during  2011-2012. multivariate analysis (rda) revealed the significant relationship between composition and species frequency and exerted management techniques. the first and second features of rda indicated 57%, 74.9...

Abstract Field and pot experiments were conducted in Greece to study the occurrence of resistance silky windgrass acetolactate synthase (ALS)- acetyl-CoA (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides. Twenty-four populations examined whole-plant response experiments. High levels field-evolved chlorsulfuron (0% 28% control terms fresh weight reduction) with recommended field rates confirmed most populations. H...

Context Wild oats (Avena spp.), brome grass (Bromus spp.) and barley (Hordeum are significant weeds of crop production in south-eastern Australia. The presence herbicide resistance these weed species is a major limiting factor on both productivity profitability.Aims We aimed to determine the distribution across Australia.Methods Several surveys were conducted randomly selected fields four state...

Littleseed canarygrass (Phalaris minor Retz.) is one of the most common and troublesome weeds infesting wheat crop in India. Repeated use during the last two decades of the ACCase-inhibiting herbicide (clodinafop) to control this weed has resulted in the occurrence of resistance. Fifty-three P. minor populations were collected from wheat fields in Haryana and Punjab states of India. The dose-re...

Propargyl bromide is being investigated for its potential as a soil fumigant. Characterization of the fate of propargyl bromide in soil is important in determining both efficacy and the threat of environmental contamination. These experiments investigated some of the factors affecting the rate of propargyl bromide degradation in soil and quantified some of the products formed as a result of pro...

Selective activation of propargyl 1,2-orthoesters in the presence of propargyl glycosides and propargyl ethers was studied; a catalytic amount of AuBr3 activated the propargyloxy group of the 1,2-orthoester thereby giving access to disaccharides with the propargyl group at the reducing end; furthermore, propargyl ethers were unaffected under the reaction conditions.

Propargyl esters are employed as effective protecting groups for the carboxyl group during solution-phase peptide synthesis. The propargyl ester groups can be introduced onto free amino acids by treating them with propargyl alcohol saturated with HCl. The reaction between propargyl groups and tetrathiomolybdate is exploited to deblock the propargyl esters. The removal of the propargyl group wit...

Homoallenic alcohols are prepared from propargyl vinyl ethers using a trinuclear gold(I)-oxo complex, [(Ph3PAu)3O]BF4, as a catalyst for propargyl Claisen rearrangement at room temperature. The gold(I)-catalyzed reaction is effective for a diverse collection of propargyl vinyl ethers, including substrates containing aryl and alkyl groups at the propargylic position, and hydrogen, aryl, and alky...