Culturomics investigates microbial diversity of the human microbiome by combining diversified culture conditions, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA gene identification. The present study allowed identification of four putative new Clostridium sensu stricto species: 'Clostridium amazonitimonense' strain LF2T, 'Clostridium massilidielmoense'...

The growth requirements of the New York State Laboratories strain of Clostridium tetani were the subject of investigation by Mueller and his co-workers (Mueller and Miller, 1941a, 1942; Feeney et al., 1943a, b). During these studies, a synthetic medium capable of supporting good growth of this strain of C. tetani in primary culture was developed. However, these investigators were interested pri...

An upsurge in wound infections due to Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani among users of illegal injected drugs (IDUs) occurred in the United Kingdom during 2003 and 2004. A real-time PCR assay was developed to detect a fragment of the neurotoxin gene of C. tetani (TeNT) and was used in conjunction with previously described assays for C. botulinum neurotoxin types A, B, and E (BoNTA, -...

We sequenced the genome of a Clostridium tetani strain that caused chronic tibial osteitis without any clinical sign of tetanus in a 26-year-old man previously vaccinated against this disease. The genome contained a plasmid that harboured the tetX-tetR tetanospasmin operon, and was highly similar to that of a tetanus-causing strain.

The nutritional requirements of some members of the genus Clostridium are, as yet, incompletely known. Not only is maximum growth in some species, such as Clostridium parabotulinum (Elberg and Meyer, 1939), dependent upon some unidentified substance, but in others, such as Clostridium tetani (Mueller and Miller, 1948) and Clostridium perfringens (Adams, Hendee, and Pappenheimer, 1947), high yie...

Clostridium tetani excretes hemolysins of two size classes, a high-molecular-weight hemolysin (HMH), which was eluted near void volume of a Sepharose 6B column, and conventional tetanolysin (molecular weight, approximately 50,000). The total hemolysin activity in the culture supernatant increased sharply with growth of bacteria and remained at a high level during autolysis. The content of HMH, ...

The continuous production of Clostridium tetani toxin has been carried out in a 1-liter stirred culture vessel for as long as 65 days. Toxin production of approximately 120 flocculating units per ml was maintained with a dilution rate of 0.125 hr(-1), a temperature of 34 C, a pH of 7.4, and the addition to the medium of 0.1 g of potassium chloride per liter. The average minimal lethal intraperi...

This review is focused on the use of hyperimmune globulin therapy to treat some infectious diseases viral or bacterial origin. Despite introduction antibiotics and vaccines, plasma immunoglobulin from whole blood donation can still play a key role. These treatments provide passive transfer high-titer antibodies that either reduces risk severity infection offer immediate but short-term protectio...