Due to non uniform distribution of nodes, there is an imbalance of energy consumption among the nodes in cluster-based wireless sensor networks. Based on this problem, we propose an efficient data aggregation tree for communication and routing based on the previous clustering architecture. Here based on the parameters such as Residual Energy, Node Density and Load cluster heads are elected usin...

The longer network lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a goal which is directly related to energy consumption. This energy consumption issue becomes more challenging when the energy load is not properly distributed in the sensing area. The hierarchal clustering architecture is the best choice for these kind of issues. In this paper, we introduce a novel clustering protocol called Mar...

The interest in wireless sensor networks is growing and the development of energy efficient infrastructures for such networks is becoming increasingly important. In this paper we investigate the usefulness of enforcing a minimum separation distance between cluster heads in a cluster based sensor network, i.e. prolonging network lifetime by lowering the energy consumption. The simulations where ...

In wireless sensor networks, power is the most essential resource because each sensor node has limited batteries. Many kinds of existing clustering protocols have been developed to balance and maximize lifetime of the sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks. These protocols select cluster heads periodically, and they considered only ‘How can we select cluster heads energy-efficiently?’ or ‘Wha...

In multi-hop routing, cluster heads near the base station act as relays for far cluster heads and thus will deplete their energy very quickly. Thus, hot spots in the sensor field result. This paper introduces a new clustering algorithm named an Unequal Multi-hop Balanced Immune Clustering protocol (UMBIC) to solve the hot spot problem and improve the lifetime of small and large scale/homogeneou...

This paper describes a novel energy-aware multi-hop cluster-based fault-tolerant load balancing hierarchical routing protocol for a self-organizing wireless sensor network (WSN), which takes into account the broadcast nature of radio. The main idea is using hierarchical fuzzy soft clusters enabling non-exclusive overlapping clusters, thus allowing partial multiple membership of a node to more t...

The work proposed a three-layer framework is proposed for mobile data collection in wireless sensor networks, which contains sensor layer, cluster head layer, and mobile collector (called SenCar) layer. The framework employ distributed load balanced clustering and dual data uploading, which is referred to as LBC-DDU. The objective is to achieve good scalability, and low data collection latency....

In a wireless sensor network which consists of a base station as a data sink and a number of sensor nodes, the clustering has been adopted as a way of reducing the energy consumption of communication. The clustering, however, has suffered from the rapid burnout of cluster heads. We propose a 2-tier data collection architecture which requires single-hop intra-cluster transmission and direct comm...

A reliable energy-efficient multi-level routing algorithm in wireless sensor networks is proposed. The proposed algorithm considers the residual energy, number of the neighbors and centrality of each node for cluster formation, which is critical for well-balanced energy dissipation of the network. In the algorithm, a knowledge-based inference approach using fuzzy Petri nets is employed to selec...

The traditional Low Energy Adaptive Cluster Hierarchy (LEACH) routing protocol is a clustering-based protocol. The uneven selection of cluster heads results in premature death of cluster heads and premature blind nodes inside the clusters, thus reducing the overall lifetime of the network. With a full consideration of information on energy and distance distribution of neighboring nodes inside t...