Wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) are getting used in numerous applications nowadays. Many robust energy-efficient routing protocols have been proposed to handle traffic-intensive data like images and videos WMSNs. It is a common trend the literature facilitate WMSN with sinks allowing cluster heads (CHs) distribute collected adjacent sink node for delivery overhead mitigation. Using ...

—Despite progress made in recent years, cluster formation delay, load balancing, energy holes remain challenging for cluster-based topology control protocols. When, for energy efficiency purpose, one tries to address these problems simultaneously, one is confronted with latency, message overhead, and topological defects such as isolated Cluster Heads (CH), pairs of adjacent CHs etc. These unex...

Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) is a well-established technique for increasing the link throughput, extending the transmission range, and/or reducing energy consumption. In the context of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), even if each node is equipped with a single antenna, it is possible to group several nodes to form a virtual antenna array, which can act as the transmitting or receiving end o...

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are being used for observing real‐world phenomenon. It is important that sensor nodes (SNs) must be synchronized to a common time in order to precisely map the data collected by SNs. Clock synchronization is very challenging in WSNs as the sensor networks are resource constrained networks. It is essential that clock synchroni...

A layered scheme for target tracking in binary sensor networks is proposed in this paper to improve the tracking precision with minimum resource allocation. In the physical layer, binary sensors are employed, reducing not only hardware configuration overhead but also communication cost. By adopting binary variational filtering algorithm, considerable accurate tracking is ensured even in case of...

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as a promising candidate solution for data collection of large-scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, we investigate UAV-aided WSN, where cluster heads (CHs) receive from their member nodes, and UAV is dispatched to collect CHs. We aim minimize the total energy consumption UAV-WSN system in complete round collection. Toward end, formul...

Stability of the wireless sensor network (WSN) is most critical factor in real-time and data-sensitive applications like military surveillance systems. Many energy optimization techniques algorithms have been proposed to extend stability a network. Clustering well regarded method research communities among them. Hence, this paper presents hybrid hierarchical artificial intelligence based cluste...

Motivated by recent developments in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), we present several efficient clustering algorithms for maximizing the lifetime of WSNs, i.e., the duration till a certain percentage of the nodes die. Specifically, an optimization algorithm was proposed for maximizing the lifetime of a single-cluster network, followed by an extension to handle multi-cluster networks. Then we ...

Wireless sensor network (WSN) plays a vital part in real time tracking and data collection applications. WSN incorporates set of numerous nodes (SNs) commonly utilized to observe the target region. The SNs operate using an inbuilt battery it is not easier replace or charge it. Therefore, proper utilization available energy essential prolong lifetime WSN. In this study, effective Type-II Fuzzy L...

Multi-hop Clustering is more preferred than the single-hop one because the transmission range of the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) nodes is not determined by the size of the network area. However, the multi-hop method brings a new problem related to the workload imbalance between the cluster-heads (CHs). Unequal Clustering becomes the most proposed solution of the unbalance load, but the calcu...