The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a multicellular neurovascular unit that serves as highly impermeable cellular to regulate brain homeostasis, protect the central nervous system, and respond different physiological pathological states. Recently, new drugs have been discovered treat neuropathology. However, because BBB blocks delivery of system (CNS), it still difficult translate treatment CNS di...

Viruses invade susceptible cells through a complex mechanism before injecting their genetic material into them. This causes direct damage to the host cell, as well resulting in disease corresponding system. Echovirus type 30 (E30) is member of Enterovirus B group and has recently been reported cause central nervous system (CNS) disorders, leading viral encephalitis meningitis children. In this ...

In Chinese medicine-based therapeutics, Angong Niuhuang pill (ANP) is one of the three most effective formulas for febrile diseases, and it is also used to treat other diseases. This paper reviews current knowledge regarding the clinical and pharmacological effects of ANP for treating different central nervous system (CNS) diseases to confirm its validity and efficacy. These diseases are like c...

In recent years, many paradigms concerning central nervous system (CNS) immunology have been challenged and shifted, including the discovery of CNS-draining lymphatic vessels, the origin and functional diversity of microglia, the impact of T cells on CNS immunological homeostasis and the role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. In parallel, antigen presentation outside the CNS h...

One of the unresolved problems on way to improving pharmacotherapy CNS diseases is development and creation technologies that allow drugs cross blood-brain barrier (BBB). The review discusses modern methods drug delivery CNS. advantages disadvantages main pharmacological strategies for directly overcoming BBB an alternative this are shown. New brain with damage (physical, chemical, etc.) withou...

Several studies have suggested a pathogenetic role of paraproteinaemias in PNS damage. Over the few last years, the presence of symptomatic or subclinical PNS lesions in CNS diseases like multiple sclerosis has been described. On the other hand, CNS demyelinating lesions and cervical atrophy have been reported in patients affected by chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CI...

Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that trigger the activation of caspases-1 and subsequently the maturation of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18. These cytokines play a critical role in mediating inflammation and innate immunity response. Among various inflammasome complexes, the NLRP3 inflammasome is the best characterized, which has been demonstrated as a cruc...

In the last decade the role of environmental factors as modulators of disease activity and progression has received increasing attention. In contrast to classical environmental modulators such as exposure to sun-light or fine dust pollution, nutrition is an ideal tool for a personalized human intervention. Various studies demonstrate a key role of dietary factors in autoimmune diseases includin...

Cellular therapy is the replacement of unhealthy or damaged cells or tissues by new ones. Because neurodegenerative diseases, cerebral strokes, and traumatic injuries to the central nervous system (CNS) produce neurological deficits that result from neuronal loss, cell therapy is a prominent area of investigation for the treatment of neurological diseases and injuries. Neural progenitor and ste...