rapid thermal processing (rtp) has become a key technology for semiconductor device manufacturing in a variety of applications, such as thermal oxidation, annealing, and thin-film growth. hence, understanding the radiative properties of silicon and other relevant materials is essential for the analysis of the thermal transport processes. we have analyzed and calculated the spectral, directional...

A new type of controlled release fertilizers coated with polyurea was prepared. The granulated urea was firstly changed into a liquid urea by heating as the coating liquid. By spraying uniformly the urea was coated with the polyurea synthesized by the reaction of isocyanates with a liquid urea. The effects of different modifiers on N release characteristics of polyurea-coated urea (PCU) were st...

An acoustic wave based-chemical sensor utilizing a crystal substrate and a coating of at least two blended materials is disclosed. The blended materials comprise a combination of (a) a high glass transition temperature polymer or a material of high melting point, and (b) a low glass transition temperature polymer or a material having a low melting point. Transducers are connected to the crystal...

We analyze the Brownian thermal noise of a multilayer dielectric coating used in high-precision optical measurements, including interferometric gravitational-wave detectors. We assume the coating material to be isotropic, and therefore study thermal noises arising from shear and bulk losses of the coating materials. We show that coating noise arises not only from layer thickness fluctuations, b...

Film coating of fine particles (5-20 microns) by polymers has a wide range of industrial applications, yet few techniques are commercially available that are environmentally friendly. In this study, four different techniques are considered with an ultimate goal of developing a reliable technique that is scaleable and is also environmentally friendly. Two of these techniques are fluidization bas...

The application of a few basic principles, some empirical data, and experience is applied to estimate the average residual reflection expected in an AR coating as a function of bandwidth, wavelength, overall thickness, substrate index, available coating materials, and number of layers. This can be a useful tool for not only the thin film designer but also the non-designer or system engineer to ...

The PVD techniques range over a wide variety of applications from decorative, to high temperature superconducting films. The thickness of the deposits can vary from angstroms to millimeters. A very large number of inorganic materials—metals, alloys, compounds, and mixtures—as well as some organic materials can be deposited using Physical vapour Deposition (PVD) technologies. Traditionally, the ...

The asymptotic strip boundary condition (ASBC) is applied to analyze the solution of the electromagnetic scattering from a conducting cylinder coated with a homogeneous linear material layer and loaded with conducting helical strips. Such homogeneous material layer can be implemented by a conventional dielectric material, a single negative (SNG) or double negative (DNG) meta-material layer. A s...

Chitosan was modified with sodium hydroxide and polymerized in water with plant growth regulators, microfertilizer and other additives to give a novel environmentally friendly seed coating agent for rice. The results showed the seed coating agent has obvious biological effect through the germination test, bacteriostasis test, toxicological security test and field experiment. Compared with the t...