The goal of this study was to examine the genetic diversity and structure of wild populations of rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) in the upper Yangtze River. Individuals from nine locations were sampled and genotyped at eight microsatellite markers. Populations differed from each other on allelic frequency, although there were no significant differences on other genetic diversity indices. Our re...

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Learning prosodic control for speaking Japanese is effective to reduce syntactic and lexical ambiguity and to improve the comprehensibility of learners’ spoken Japanese. Good prosody can also improve its naturalness. In the conventional curriculum however, prosody training has not been provided satisfactorily for learners partly because of scarcity of teaching materials. To facilitate prosody t...

Most kanji have two types of readings: on-yomi and kun-yomi. The on-yomi is derived from the pronunciation of the character when it was brought over from China long ago (more on this below). The kun-yomi is the indigenous Japanese reading for the concept that the character represents. For example, the kanji 水 has two readings: スイ (on-yomi) and みず (kun-yomi). Generally speaking, the on-yomi is r...

The morphologically similar taxa Anopheles calderoni, Anopheles punctimacula, Anopheles malefactor and Anopheles guarao are commonly misidentified. Isofamilies collected in Valle de Cauca, Colombia, showed morphological characters most similar to An. calderoni, a species which has never previously been reported in Colombia. Although discontinuity of the postsubcostal pale spots on the costa (C)...