Phylogenetic analyses, from polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified 12S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene sequences from cochineal insects of the genus Dactylopius present in Mexico, showed that D. ceylonicus, D. confusus, and D. opuntiae are closely related. D. coccus constitutes a separate clade, and D. tomentosus is the most distantly related. Bacterial 16S rRNA sequences from all the Dactylopius sp...

"All stood amazed, until an old woman, tottering out from among the crowd, put her hand to her brow, and peering under it in his face for a moment exclaimed , 'Sure enough! it is Rip Van Winkle-it is himself. Welcome home again, old neighbour-Why, where have you been these twenty long years?"' lrving, W. An analogical "field" construct in cellular biophysics: history and present status. "These ...

OBJECTIVE To determine if a causal connection exists between food additives and various medical complaints. DESIGN Literature study. METHOD Medline over the period January 1966-January 1999 was searched for articles on the following substances not containing protein and lactose: monosodium glutamate (MSG), sulfites, azo-dyes (tartrazine, sunset yellow, azorubin, amarant, cochineal red), ben...

A s Leona notes in a recent issue of PNAS (1), art and objects of cultural heritage hold information about the technology, trade, and aesthetics of a people. This knowledge can be accessed through chemical and material analysis combined with an understanding of the history of technology, science, and art. The information learned is of great value, especially for ancient objects that are so old ...

Abstract SERS spectroscopy is successfully employed in this work to reveal different components integrating the cochineal colorant for dying archaeological textile samples from Arica Region North Chile. This analysis was done by in-situ experiments that does not imply material (colorant and biomolecules) extraction. The spectroscopic of textiles reveals presence bands attributed carminic acid n...