Cocoa beans from several types of post harvest treatments were processed into cocoa butter, cocoa powder and chocolate spread using traditional processing techniques. OTA was analyzed in two hundred and sixteen (216) samples of cocoa and cocoa derived products using HPLC with fluorimetric detection. It was found that OTA content in cocoa nibs depended only on the state of cocoa pod and the time...

This paper presents a typology to highlight and describe the variation in attitudes among young farmers rural Ghana, group that has been treated policy discourses development practice as largely homogenous. It further identifies motivations aspirations associated with each type. A cluster analysis of survey data from 120 respondents yielded two types farmers: ‘positive’ ‘resigned’. The likeliho...

Cocoa and cocoa products have received much attention due to their significant polyphenol contents. Cocoa and cocoa products, namely cocoa liquor, cocoa powder and chocolates (milk and dark chocolates) may present varied polyphenol contents and possess different levels of antioxidant potentials. For the past ten years, at least 28 human studies have been conducted utilizing one of these cocoa p...

Cocoa Swollen Shoot Disease (CSSD) due to badnavirus species is endemic in West Africa and has been causing significant irreversible economy losses for smallholder cocoa farmers infected areas Ghana Côte d’Ivoire. The impact of the disease on farmers’ livelihoods investigated at farm households level To this end, propensity score matching method was used construct a counterfactual compare group...

The implementation of agricultural development is basically aimed at increasing the welfare people, especially farmers, providing a source foreign exchange through exports, supplying food and industrial raw materials, alleviating poverty, employment improving people's income. Cocoa leading commodity which income for farmers in North Sumatra. Price fluctuations sometimes make suffer losses, so i...

Management of cocoa plantation field relied on the use of pesticides over the years; hence, the fate of such chemicals is one of the most debated issues among the stakeholders. Young and old cocoa plantation fields from 4 major cocoa producing States in Nigeria were selected as the study area. Eight composites soil samples collected from 3 portions of 6 transect measured area (100 x 50m) of the...

The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact agricultural exports such as: coffee, cotton and cocoa on economic growth in Cameroon, from 1968 2013. main results obtained by Generalized Moments Method show that, coffee negative that positive. export cocoa, exchange rate stability are respectively significant. To end, farmers should be encouraged form more cooperatives order have easy acc...

The promotion of cocoa farm productivity has necessitated the intensification input use with ensuing loss natural pollinators. Ghana Cocoa Board’s (COCOBOD) remedy to declining pollinator population is addressed in rolling out hand pollination 2016/17 crop year. Applying contingent valuation on field data covering 608 farmers five growing regions, we estimate value services industry a...