Glucocorticoids play an important role in adipogenesis through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) that forms a heterocomplex with Hsp90•Hsp70 and one high molecular weight immunophilin, either FKBP51 or FKBP52. When 3T3-L1 preadipocytes are induced to differentiate, FKBP51 expression progressively increases, whereas FKBP52 decreases, and Hsp90, Hsp70, p23 and Cyp40 remain unchanged. Interestingly...

18.1 Enolate Ions and Enols We described in Chapters 13 and 16 that the C=O group of carbonyl compounds is reactive to attack by both nucleophiles (N:) and electrophiles (E+). We also saw in Chapter 13 that the C=O group causes Hs attached to its α-C (H-Cα-C=O) to be unusually acidic. As a result, these α-CH's are removed by bases giving enolate ions (-:Cα-C=O) Figure 18.01) that can react as n...

The fragmentation times corresponding to the loss of the chromophore (Cα-Cβ bond dissociation channel) after photoexcitation at 263 nm have been investigated for several small peptides containing tryptophan or tyrosine. For tryptophan-containing peptides, the aromatic chromophore is lost as an ionic fragment (m/z 130), and the fragmentation time increases with the mass of the neutral fragment. ...

(2) ‖Hα(f1, f2)‖p ≤ Cα,p1,p2‖f1‖p1‖f2‖p2 with constants Cα,p1,p2 depending only on α, p1, p2 and p := p1p2 p1+p2 hold. The first result of this type is proved in [4], and the purpose of the current paper is to extend the range of exponents p1 and p2 for which (2) is known. In particular, the case p1 = 2, p2 = ∞ is solved to the affirmative. This was originally considered to be the most natural ...

We show that for every Lebesgue measurable function f : [0, 1] → R there exists a compact set C of Hausdorff dimension 1/2 such that f is of bounded variation on C, and there exist compact sets Cα of Hausdorff dimension 1−α such that f is Hölder-α on Cα (0 < α < 1). These answer questions of M. Elekes, which were open even for continuous functions f . Our proof goes by defining a discrete Hausd...

Mutations of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein (AIP) have been associated with familial isolated pituitary adenomas predisposing to young-onset acromegaly and gigantism. The precise tumorigenic mechanism is not well understood as AIP interacts with a large number of independent proteins as well as three chaperone systems, HSP90, HSP70 and TOMM20. We have determined the structure...

Mice bearing a v-Myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (c-Myc) transgene controlled by an Ig-alpha heavy-chain enhancer (iMyc(Cα) mice) rarely develop lymphomas but instead have increased rates of memory B-cell turnover and impaired antibody responses to antigen. We found that male progeny of iMyc(Cα) mice mated with mice transgenic (Tg) for CD257 (B-cell activating factor, BAFF) develope...

The ability to infer dynamic motions from an equilibrium (static) conformation of a protein can be essential in establishing structure– function relationships. In particular, the low-frequency motions are of functional interest because statistical mechanics predicts these motions will have the largest amplitudes. In this paper, we address the computational cost of normal mode analysis (NMA) app...

Secondary compression studies can provide insights for evaluating the engineering potential and environmental impact of soil. The objective this research was to investigate effect bound water content on secondary marine silty clay. To end, a novel method established based thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) determine contents limits strongly weakly three typical clays including Tianjin mucky clay ...

Tryptophan-induced quenching of fluorophores (TrIQ) uses intramolecular fluorescence quenching to assess distances in proteins too small (<15 Å) to be easily probed by traditional Forster resonance energy transfer methods. A powerful aspect of TrIQ is its ability to obtain an ultrafast snapshot of a protein conformation, by identifying "static quenching" (contact between the Trp and probe at th...