Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are the main residues from the soluble coffee industry. The objective of this work was to evaluate different extraction methods of oil and diterpenes (kahweol and cafestol) from SCG, such as solid-liquid extraction, supercritical extraction or direct saponification, as well as to determine the phenolic composition and antioxidant capacities SCG and defatted SCG. Among...

Agroforestry can increase the sequestration of carbon (C) in soils of tropical agroecosystems through increased litter and tree pruning inputs. Decomposition of these inputs is a key process in the formation of soil organic matter and in nutrient cycling. Our objectives were to study decay of tree pruning mulch and effects on soil C and N in a shaded coffee agroecosystem in Hawaii. Chipped tree...

Abstract The West Nusa Tenggara (WNT) province is one of the regions that contribute most to production rice, corn, and cacao. residues these crops increase as increases. potential availability residue was calculated on basis amount agricultural product unutilized residues. estimated energy collected data were processed combined with converted factors, such yield per hectare calorific value, ta...

milk-based espresso coffee is one of the most popular beverages. foam is an essential quality characteristic for this beverage. foam formation and stability is mainly related to the milk composition. in this study the influence of three different concentrations of xanthan gum (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 g dm-3) and three different temperatures (50, 60 and 70 °c) on foam stability were examined and exper...

This study has been initiated with an aim of enhancing the acoustical comfort levels in architectural studios Bilkent University Ankara. Initial assessment by field tests indicated very long reverberation times, supporting complaints students and instructors. In order to be applied studio environment, panels are developed out recycled materials. The increasing coffee demand consumption our era ...

Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is a crucial first step in the analysis of genomic and proteomic data. Commonly occurring sequence features, such as deletions and insertions, are known to affect the accuracy of MSA programs, but the extent to which alignment accuracy is affected by the positions of insertions and deletions has not been examined independently of other sources of sequence varia...