the present study investigated the use of l2 private speech by english foreign language (efl) learners in regulating their mental activities. thirty intermediate adult efl learners took a test of solving challenging english riddles while their voices were being recorded. following, instances of the produced private speech were analyzed in terms of form, content, and function. numerous instances...

background :effective leadership is of prime importance in any organization and it goes through changes based on accepted health promotion and behavior change theory. although there are many leadership styles, transformational leadership, which emphasizes supportive leadership behaviors, seems to be an appropriate style in many settings particularly in the health care and educational sectors wh...

In this paper we analyzed some of the phonological rules of Russian loanword adaptation in Persian, on the view of Optimal Theory (OT) (Prince and Smolensky, 1993, 2003). It is the first study of phonological process on Russian loanwords adaptation in Persian. By gathering about 50 current Russian loanwords, we selected some of them to analyze. We found out that vowel insertion, vowel prothesis...

today we are facing with a turbulent world full of complexity and change. contemporary problems are too complicated for rational, logical solutions. they admit insights, not answers. chaos theory is a solution to reveal insights into the structure and the dynamics of complex systems. chaos theory is in formative stage, but we can use it in management practices. this article is about application...

following the widespread acceptance of multiple intelligences theory, thomas armstrong (1984), in the initiative action, integrated it with bloom's taxonomy and enriched the theory. actually, armstrong helped remarkable by this integration to classify each of multiple intelligences in each of the six levels of cognitive domain, as well as better planning and targeting and designing curricu...

Open learning represents a new form of online learning. It is based on providing Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) for free to be taken by any interested learner. It has been found that the current model of open learning suffers from some limitations, and one of these limitations is the lack of personalization. It has also been found that the consideration of learning principles and cognitive...

This study explored adjustment in people with spinal cord injury; data from four focus groups are presented. Thematic analysis revealed four themes, managing goals and expectations, comparison with others, feeling useful and acceptance, showing participants positively engaged in life, positively interpreted social comparison information and set realistic goals and expectations. These positive s...

In the study reported here, we examined the role of conflict experience in cognitive adaptation to conflict. Although the experience of conflict is generally neglected in theoretical models of cognitive control, we demonstrated that it plays a critical role in cognitive adaptation. Using a masked-priming paradigm, we showed that conflict adaptation was present only after trials on which partici...