The fine-grained surface material at the Apollo 11 landing site is a brownish, medium-gray, slightly cohesive granular soil, with bulky grains in the silt-to-fine-sand range, having a specific gravity of 3.1 and exhibiting adhesive characteristics. Within the upper few centimeters, the lunar soil has an average density of about 1.6 grams per cubic centimeter and is similar in appearance and beh...

because it is not possible to recognize the mechanism of cantilever failure in field studies, this type of common failure in riverbanks is investigated in the laboratory. for this purpose, two samples of susceptible soil that forms an overhanging block in riverbanks are used for physical model tests to determine their physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics. soil blocks of different d...

The shear strength parameters of soil such as cohesion (C) and angle of internal friction (φ )govern the bearing capacity of shallow or deep foundations, the stability of the hill slopes as well as slopes of dams and embankments, design of retaining structures etc. in most of the civil engineering practices. In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) with the feed-forward back-propagation a...

abstract the prediction of active earth pressures is essential to the design of retaining walls in case of reinforced and unreinforced soils. in this study, a new analytical method is presented to determine the coefficient of earth pressure. the horizontal slice method is used to compute the active earth pressure behind a rigid retaining wall in consideration of the granular soils. to verify th...