In an effortto determine potential diagnostic usefulness of bronchiectasis adjacent to pulmonary coin lesions, 39 cases were evaluated by chest roentgenogram and bronchography. Ten of 17 benign lesions demonstrated localized adjacent bronchiectasis. Twenty-one of 22 malignant coin lesions failed to demonstrate that finding. Localized bronchiectasis adjacent to a “coin lesion” is a useful indica...

Coin lemmas are one of the tools for the analysis of randomized distributed algorithms. Their principal role is to reduce the analysis of a randomized system to the analysis of an ordinary nondeterministic system. This paper describes the main ideas behind the formulation and use of coin lemmas and gives examples of coin lemmas of increasing complexity and generality.

A 72-year-old woman with hypertension, old stroke, hyperlipidaemia, and Alzheimer’s disease presented to the emergency department with a 2-day history of dysphagia and chest discomfort after taking her usual medicine. Physical examination showed no surgical emphysema; chest radiographs revealed there was a Hong Kong two dollar coin at the neck level (Fig 1). Oesophagoscopy identified the coin a...

The COntext INterchange (COIN) strategy is an approach to solving the problem of interoperability of semantically heterogeneous data sources through context mediation. COIN has used its own notation and syntax for representing ontologies. More recently, the OWL Web Ontology Language is becoming established as the W3C recommended ontology language. We propose the use of the COIN strategy to solv...

In this paper, we present the generation of a common reference string “from scratch” via coin-flipping in the presence of a quantum adversary. First, we present how we achieve quantumsecure coin-flipping using Watrous’ quantum rewinding technique [Wat06]. Then, by combining this coin-flipping with any non-interactive zero-knowledge protocol we get an easy transformation from non-interactive zer...

We introduce and analyze a one-dimensional quantum walk with two time-independent rotations on the coin. We study the influence on the property of quantum walk due to the second rotation on the coin. Based on the asymptotic solution in the long time limit, a ballistic behaviour of this walk is observed. This quantum walk retains the quadratic growth of the variance if the combined operator of t...

In my paper ‘Are there physical systems obeying the MaxwellBoltzmann statistics?’[1] I have written down the well-known probabilities of the 4 possible results of one fair toss of 2 fair coins according to the Maxwell-Boltzmann (MB), Bose-Einstein (BE) and Fermi-Dirac (FD) statistics. The two results coin 1 = head, coin 2 = tail and coin 2 = head, coin 1 = tail are counting as different in MB a...

Let us start things off with a simple illustrative example. Suppose someone hands you a coin that has an unknown probability θ of coming up heads. You wish to determine this probability (coin bias) as accurately as possible by means of experimentation. Experimentation in this case amounts to repeatedly tossing the coin (this assumes, of course, that the bias of the coin on subsequent tosses doe...