The construction season is limited in northern countries due to the severe cold weather conditions and their detrimental impacts on concrete quality. Thus, there are excessive expenses required annually for insulation energy-intensive heating systems cold-weather concreting. This experimental study aimed investigate potential of using high-strength one-part alkali-activated blast furnace slag (...

Air quality is heavily influenced by weather conditions. In this study, we assessed the impact of long-term weather changes on air quality and health in the US during 1994-2012. We quantified past weather-related increases, or 'weather penalty', in ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and thereafter estimated the associated excess deaths. Using statistical regression methods, we deri...

OBJECTIVES The authors sought to determine the effects of cold-weather periods on budgets and nutritional outcomes among poor American families. METHODS The Consumer Expenditure Survey was used to track expenditures on food and home fuels, and the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used to track calorie consumption, dietary quality, vitamin deficiencies, and anemia. ...

concrete is one of the most widely used materials in construction industry. many large and important structures such as power plants, bridges, dams and buildings employ concrete as main material. propagation of crack is considered one of the main reasons in failure of concrete structures. the process of formation and crack growth is one of the major and complex issues in concrete, because concr...

the main purpose of this article is studing un’s actions to counter international terrorism giving to development of it after cold war.we are going to answer the question in descriptive-analtical way that what was un’s practical actions to counter it and weather it was successful.to answer the main question of this article first we will diccuss the development of terrorism after cold war and ne...

Extreme climatic disturbances provide excellent opportunities to study natural selection in wild populations because they may cause measurable directional shifts in character traits. Insectivorous cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) in the northern Great Plains must often endure periods of cold weather in late spring that reduce food availability, and if cold spells last four or more days...

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the leading cause of death. The current paradigm in SCD requires the presence of an abnormal myocardial substrate and an internal or external transient factor that triggers cardiac arrest. Based on prior mechanistic evidence, we hypothesized that an unusually cold weather event (a cold spell) could act as an external factor triggering SCD. We tested potential effec...