injuries to the posterolateral corner (plc) comprise a significant portion of knee ligament injuries. a high index of suspicion is necessary when evaluating the injured knee to detect these sometimes occult injuries. moreover, a thorough physical examination and a comprehensive review of radiographic studies are necessary to identify these injuries. in this sense, stress radiographs can help to...

Structural topology optimization problems have been traditionally stated and solved by means of maximum stiffness formulations. On the other hand, some effort has been devoted to stating and solving this kind of problems by means of minimum weight formulations with stress (and/or displacement) constraints. It seems clear that the latter approach is closer to the engineering point of view, but i...

Enhancement of coronary collateral function is an intriguing approach to the preservation of ischaemic myocardium. Coronary collateral development consists of collateral recruitment and collateral growth. Collateral growth encompasses proliferation of capillaries in the ischaemic area (angiogenesis) and maturation of pre-existing collateral vessels (arteriogenesis), with the latter being more r...

BACKGROUND To investigate the effects of collateral coronary circulation on the outcome of the patients with anterior myocardial infarction (MI) with left anterior desending artery occlusion abruptly. METHODS Data of 189 patients with acute anterior MI who had a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the first 12 h from the onset of symptoms between January 2004 and December 2008...

When complete obstruction of an airway occurs, ventilation and gas exchange distal to the obstruction can be preserved if "collateral ventilation" exists. Three collateral pathways have been described: the interalveolar, the bronchioloalveolar and the interbronchiolar communications. The various techniques used to measure collateral flow, resistance, compliance and time constant are described, ...

The recent economic crisis highlights the role of financial markets in allowing economic agents, including prominent banks, to speculate on the future returns of different financial assets, such as mortgage-backed securities. This paper introduces a dynamic general equilibriummodel with aggregate shocks, endogeneously incomplete markets and heterogeneous agents to investigate this role of finan...

‎in this paper, using the idea of convexificators, we study boundedness and nonemptiness of lagrange multipliers satisfying the first order necessary conditions. we consider a class of nons- mooth fractional programming problems with equality, inequality constraints and an arbitrary set constraint. within this context, define generalized mangasarian-fromovitz constraint qualification and show t...

A common perspective in macro-finance analyses links firms’ borrowing constraints to the liquidation value of physical assets firms pledge as collateral. We empirically investigate borrowing by non-financial firms in the US. We find that 20% of corporate debt by value is collateralized by specific physical assets (“asset-based lending” in creditor parlance), while 80% is based predominantly on ...

There is a tremendous body of data concerning the coronary collateral circulation in both experimental animals and humans. The functional importance of a well-developed coronary collateral circulation has now been documented. The paradigm regarding the principal stimulus for coronary collateral growth has shifted from myocardial ischemia to increased shear stress at the site of pre-existing col...